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Major Characteristics of the Six Kingdoms Six Kingdoms • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia Archaebacteria Cell Type: • Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes – no bound organelles, “pro” means first Eubacteria Cell Type: • Prokaryotes Protista Cell Type: • Eukaryotes Fungi Cell Type: • Eukaryotes Plantae Cell Type: • Eukaryotes Animalia Cell Type: • Eukaryotes Archaebacteria Cell Structures: • No nucleus, no membrane bound structures • Cell membrane contains lipid not found in other organisms Eubacteria Cell Structure: • No nucleus • Have cells walls made up of peptidoglycan Protista Cell Structures: • Cell membrane • Well defined nucleus • Membrane bound organelles Fungi Cell Structures: • Have a nucleus and mitochondria • No chloroplasts • Cell wall of chitin Plantae Cell Structures: • Nucleus • Cell membrane • Cell wall • Chloroplasts Animalia Cell Structures: • Nucleus • Cell membrane • No cell wall • No chloroplasts Archaebacteria Body Form: • Unicellular Eubacteria Body Form: • Unicellular • Colonies (groups) Protista Body Form: • Mostly unicellular • Some multicellular (colonies) Fungi Body Form: • Unicellular • Multicellular Plantae Body Form: • Multicellular Animalia Body Forms: • Multicellular Archaebacteria Nutrition: • Autotrophic – Chemosynthetic Eubacteria Nutrition: • Autotrophic • Heterotrophic Protista Nutrition: • Autotrophic • Heterotrophic –Symbiotic (living together and one is benefiting) Fungi Nutrition: • Heterotrophic – Decomposers – Symbiotic Plantae Nutrition: • Autotrophic – Photosynthetic Animalia Nutrition: • Heterotrophic Archaebacteria Special Adaptations: • Methanogens • Halophiles • Thermophiles • Chemosynthetic Eubacteria Special Adaptations: • Nitrogen fixing • Found in most habitats • Aerobic or anaerobic types • Conjugation Protista Special Adaptations: • Fungi-like molds and mildews • Plant-like algae with alternation of generations (spores vs. gametes) • Animal-like protozoans, some with pseudopodia, conjugation, cysts, or spores Fungi Special Adaptations: • Most reproduce with spores (sexually or asexually) • Extracellular digestion • Feeding relationships Plantae Special Adaptations: • In most habitats • Sexual reproduction (spores or seeds) • Alternation of generations • Photosynthetic • Roots/stems/leaves/ cuticle Animalia Special Adaptations: • Find or capture food • Fat for food storage • Specialized cells • Adapted to environment Archaebacteria Examples: • Methanogens • Halophiles • Thermophiles Eubacteria Examples: • Rhizobium • E. coli • Salmonella Protista Examples: • Euglena • Amoeba • Volvox • Paramecium • Diatoms Fungi Examples: • Yeasts • Molds • Mushrooms • Lichens • Penicillium Plantae Examples: • Mosses • Ferns • Flowering plants • Seaweeds • Trees Animalia Examples: • Gemsbok • Dogs • Cats • Humans
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