Download D Standard_4 - ALCOSbiologyPowerPoints

Erin and Brooke
Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotic cells =
BACTERIA
• It has no true nucleus
or organelles. Instead
it just has DNA, RNA,
chrosomes,
cytoplasm, a cell wall,
and cell membrane.
• There are no
organelles
The “POOR PRIMITVE PROKARYOTE”
Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells are
plant, animal, and
protist animal cells!!
• Have cell organelles.
• Eu = means True
• Karyote = cell
The following organelles are
all found in Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Membrane
• Eukaryotic and
Prokaryotic cells have cell
membranes.
• In the eukaryotic cell
membrane is the outmost
part of an animal cell,
controls what enters and
exits in the plant cells
(Figure 1).
The Cell Wall
• Like the Cell membrane, the cell wall also
is in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
• Cell membranes are found on the
outermost part of plant and bacteria cells,
they are flat and rigid, are used for support
in the cell.
Nucleus
• The nucleus is ONLY
found in the
Eukaryotic cells.
• It is located in the
middle of animal cells
• It contains DNA,
controls the activities
of the cell, and
cellular reproduction.
Ribosomes
• When looking at a picture of a cell you can
locate the ribosomes very easily. They are
the small dots seen on the endoplasmic
reticulum.
• The ribosome contains RNA and produce
proteins for the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
• Found in Eukaryotic cells.
• The job of the Golgi is to modify, sort, and
package the proteins of the cells. Its is like
the cell post office.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Found in Eukaryotic cells.
• This type of ER does not
have ribosomes on it so it
looks smooth.
• Functions - synthesis of
lipids and steroids,
metabolism of
carbohydrates, regulation
of calcium concentration,
drug detoxification,
attachment of receptors
on cell membrane
proteins, and steroid
metabolism.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
“ER”
•Rough ER has Ribosomes
attached to it. It looks rough
under a microscope.
•Endo = inside
•Plasmic = the plasma
•Reticulum = connector
•Endoplasmic Reticulum –
connectors ( like tunnels)
found inside the plasma.
Vacuole
• Is found in Eukaryotic
cells.
• In plant cells it stores
food and is found in the
center of the cell.
• It is really BIG and called
a Central Vacuole
• It stores water in animal
cells and is fairly small.
Chloroplast
• Are found in plant
cells (eukaryotic).
• They produce
energy/food for the
cell using sunlight.
• They are the “Green
things” in plant cells.
• Photosynthesis
occurs in chloroplast.
Mitochondria
• Has a double
membrane ( 2 layers)
• Known as the
“powerhouse” of the
cell.
• Its job is getting
energy for the cell
which is called
respiration .
The “Mighty Mitochondria”
Comparing Prokaryotic Cells & Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Yes
Yes
Cell Membrane or
Plasma Membrane
Yes
Yes
Chromosomes
Yes
Yes
Cytoplasm or
Protoplasm
Yes
Yes
Mitochondria
No
Yes
Ribosomes
No
Yes
Nucleus
No
Yes
Vacuoles
No
Yes
Golgi Bodies
No
Yes
Chloroplasts
No
Yes
Plant & Animal Cell Comparisons
Plant Cells & Animal Cells are both Eukaryotes
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Cell Wall
Yes
No
Chloroplasts
Yes
No
Central Vacuole
Yes
No
Nucleus
Yes
Yes
Mitochondria
Yes
Yes
Ribosomes
Yes
Yes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (both
types)
Yes
Yes
Golgi Bodies
Yes
Yes
Cell Membrane
Yes
Yes
#1.
• Study the data below. Which student has correctly
identified the typical characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
THE ANSWER IS….
Student
4!
#2
Study the table.
Which student
correctly
compares
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
A. Student 1
B. Student 2
C. Student 3
D. Student 4
THE ANSWER IS….
D!
#3.
Which cellular structures are
involved in synthesizing and
packaging protien?
• A. 1 package protein, and
3 synthesizes protein.
• B. 1 packages protein,
and 4 synthesizes
protein.
• C. 2 packages protein,
and 3 synthesizes
protein.
• D. 2 packages protein,
and 4 synthesizes
protein.
THE ANSWER IS….
D!
#4.
What are the differences
between structures 1 and 2?
• A. Ribosomes are
produced in structure 1,
and DNA is stored in
structure 2.
• B. DNA is stored in
structure 1, and ribosome
are produced in in
structure 2.
• C. RNA is stored in
structure 1, and DNA is
stored in structure 2.
• D. DNA is stored in
structure 1, and RNA is
stored in structure 2.
THE ANSWER IS….
A!
#6
What are the
similarities of
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
THE ANSWER IS….
•
•
•
•
They are both cells
Both have DNA
Have a cell wall
Both contain chrosomes.
#7
What is the
difference
between DNA
and RNA??
THE ANSWER IS….
•DNA is a
double-stranded
•RNA is singlestranded
#8
TRUE or FALSE…
The Golgi
Apparatus is an
organelle.
THE ANSWER IS….
TRUE!
#9
TRUE or FALSE…
A vacuole is a
Prokaryotic
cell.
THE ANSWER IS…
FALSE!
cell can't be prokaryotic, but prokaryotic
organisms might have vacuoles.
A
#10
Identify and
explain the
function of
this
organelle.
THE ANSWER IS....
Mitochondria;
gets energy for
the cell.
#11
What
type of
cell is
this?
THE ANSWER IS….
Eukaryotic;
plant cell.
#12
What occurs in
Chloroplast?
THE ANSWER IS….
Photosynthesis
#13
What is the
difference of Rough
ER and Smooth ER?
A. Rough = packages lysosomes, Smooth =
envelope to the nucleus.
B. Rough = envelope to the nucleus, Smooth =
packages lysosomes.
C. Both do the same thing.
THE ANSWER IS….
A!
#14
Which organelles
are ribosomes
found on?
THE ANSWER IS…
Endoplasmic
Reticulum!
#15
What is the
difference
between the cell
wall and the cell
membrane?
THE ANSWER IS….
A cell wall is completely
permeable and a cell
membrane is partially
permeable!