Download LS.2 Cells The student will understand that all living things are made

Snapshot
1.
What do you think of when you hear the
word cell? Describe it in a few sentences.
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
LS.2 Cells
The student will understand that all living things are
made up of cells
Microscopes
Lab tools that make really small objects
appear larger

Ex. Compound light microscope
1st Microscope


•


Mid- 1600’s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek
The better they got, the more info was
found out about cells
Most cells can’t be seen without a
microscope
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
•http://www.udel.edu/biology/ketcham/micr
oscope/scope.html
•Ocular lens
(Eyepiece)
•Body Tube
•Nosepiece
•Arm
•Objectives
•Stage
•Stage Clips
•Coarse Adjustment
•Diaphragm
•Light
•Fine Adjustment
• Base
•Always carry a microscope with one hand holding
LS.2 The
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all living things are made up of cells
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Cells
 The
smallest part of every living thing
 Discovered by Scientist Robert Hooke
 Used
magnifying glass
 Looked at cork
 Saw empty rooms
 Tiny boxes
 Honeycomb = cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Some Random Cell Facts
 The
average human being is composed of
around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!
 It would take as many as 50 cells to cover
the area of a dot on the letter “i”
WOW!!!
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
The Cell Theory
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Theory

Cells are the building blocks of life


All living things are made of cells



Robert Hooke 1665
1838 --Schleiden- all plants are made up of cells
1839 --Schwann- all animals are made up of
cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells

Virchow 1858
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1.
2.
3.
4.
______ are the building blocks of life.
Schwann said that all _____ were made
of cells.
_____ says that all living things are made
of cells and that cells come from ______
cells.
______ help us to know more about cells.
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
 Tell
which scientists made the contributions
to cells and the cell theory:
 Named
the cell
 Said all cells come from pre-existing cells
 Invented the microscope
 Said all plants were made of cells
 Said all animals were made of cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
2 Main Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic
 No
bound nucleus
 Oldest kind of cells
• Bacteria Kingdom
 Eukaryotic
 Bound
nucleus & organelles
• Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Kingdom
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Organelles

Bound structures in cells that have specific job (functions)

Most found in Eukaryotic Plant & Animal Cells
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
3 C’s
1. Cell Wall
2. Central Vacuole
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Ribosomes
7.
DNA
8.
Endoplasmic Reticulum


3. Chloroplast
9.
10.
Rough
Smooth
Golgi Bodies/ Apparatus
Lysosome
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Nucleus
“The Brain”
 Tells other organelles
what to do
 Has outer membrane
called nuclear
membrane

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Membrane

Outer layer of cell


Outermost in animals
“Gate”

Decides what can
come in & leave the
cell
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Wall
Outermost layer in
plant cells
 Gives cell shape
 Made of cellulose

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like fluid in cells
 Holds other organelles

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Mitochondrion
“Powerhouse”
 Where energy is
created in the cell

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Chloroplast
where plants make
their food
 Contain chlorophyll


Green pigment
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
B
A
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
C
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
B
A
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
C
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
B
A
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
C
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
A
Snapshot
B
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
C
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
A
Snapshot
B
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
C
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
A
Snapshot
B
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
C
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
A
Snapshot
B
 Identify
the cell
organelles & their
function
Letter
Name
C
Function
(Job)
A
B
C
D
D
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Vacuole
Empty bubbles or
bags
 “Storage Bins”
 Used for storage

Water
 Waste
 Food

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Central Vacuole
Extremely large
vacuole
 Found in plant cells
 Used mainly for water
storage

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)


“Postman”
2 Types


Smooth
Rough
• Has ribosomes on it



Folded membranes
Transportation system in cell
found near nucleus
Ships things around the cell
• From nucleus to other
organelles
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Ribosomes
Make proteins for the
cell
 Small beads

Found on rough ER
 Loose in cytoplasm

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
DNA
“Molecule of life”
 Deoxyriobnucleic acid
 Genetic material
 Found in nucleus


Used to make new
cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Lysosome

Bag full of strong acids
Digestive juices
 Destroy waste
 Open up to destroy
cell

• Lysis = cell death
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. _____ was the first person to
observe the cell.
2. The _____ states that all living
things are made up of cells.
3. Cells only come from _____ cells.
4. What organelles do plant cells have
that animals cells do not?
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)
Folded membrane
 “UPS”


Pack things up to
leave cell
• Vesicles
• Wrapped packages
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1. ________ are the building blocks of
life.
2. _______ is the brain of the cell.
3. _______ is responsible for
transporting and processing thing
inside the cell.
4. Plant cells have ____ more
organelles than animal cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1.
2.
3.
The cell theory says that all cells come
from __________.
DNA is stored in the ________.
Everyone’s DNA contains ________.
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Cycle
Entire life of a cell including growth &
reproduction
 Repeats over and over (cycle



Until cell dies
3 main parts
Interphase
 Mitosis / Meiosis
 Cytokinesis

LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Interphase
 Longest
phase of cell cycle
 Cell grows
 DNA is copied
 Appear
as chromosomes
• 2 identical chromatids
• Centromere- button holding 2 together
 Organelles
are duplicated
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Interphase
•Animal Cell
•Plant Cell
•Photographs
from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
LS.2 The student
will understand
that all living things are made up of cells
Interphase + Mitosis +
Cytokinesis

It

Interphase
 Positively
 Prophase
 Makes
 Metaphase
A
 Twin

Celebrate
 Anaphase
 Telophase

Cytokinesis
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Prophase
 1st
step of Mitosis or Meiosis
 Spindle fibers form
 Threads
 Centrioles
appear at poles
• Opposite ends of cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Prophase
•Animal Cell
•Plant Cell
•Spindle fibers
•Centrioles
•Photographs
from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
LS.2
The student
will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Metaphase
 Centromeres
attach to spindle fibers
 Chromosomes line up in middle
 Meta=
middle
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Metaphase
•Animal Cell
•Plant Cell
•Photographs
from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
LS.2
The student
will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Anaphase
 Spindle
fibers tighten
 Chromosomes break apart at centromere
into chromatids
 Move to opposite ends of cell
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Anaphase
•Animal Cell
•Plant Cell
•Photographs
from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
LS.2
The student
will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Telophase
2
Nuclear membranes form
 Around
each set of chromosomes
 Chromosomes
appear as chromatin
(stringy threads)
 Last step of mitosis
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Telophase
•Animal Cell
•Plant Cell
•Photographs
from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
LS.2
The student
will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cytokinesis

Cell division

Animal cells
• Cell membrane pinches in

Plant cells
• New cell wall begins to form

Two new daughter cells
• Identical nucleus
• Identical chromosomes
• TWINS!!!!!!
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
•Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
•Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
•- Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
LS.2 The student will understand that all•52living things are made up of cells
•52
Snapshot
 The
cell cycle has _(1)__ main parts.
__(2)___ is the longest phase.
During this phase the cell __(3)___ and
__(4)___ and __(5)____ are copied.
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Can You Identify the Stages of
Mitosis?
Put the
following
mitosis
stages in the
correct
sequence
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Can You Identify the Stages of
Mitosis?
Put the
following
mitosis
stages in the
correct
sequence
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Cell Cycle Tidbits
How long is one cell cycle?
• Depends on the cell- skin cells = ~24
hours, nerve cells = never after
maturity, cancer cells = very short
• Remember: every cell only has a
certain # of divisions it can undergo,
then it dies = apoptosis (programmed
cell death)
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Mitosis

Nuclear division
 Occurs
in body cells
 Growth
• Multicellular organisms
• Living things w/ 2 or more cells
 Reproduction
• Unicellular organisms
• Living things w/ only 1 cells
 Makes
2 identical cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
The Guarantee
• The product of
mitosis is 2 cells
• The daughter cells
are identical to
each other & to the
mother cell
Why is this so
important?
Mother
cell
Identical
daughter
cells
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Meiosis


Nuclear division
Mitosis Twice (Meiosis I & Meiosis II)

Occurs in sex cells (gametes)
• Egg & sperm

Allows for Sexual Reproduction
• combining DNA of 2 organisms

Makes 4 cells
• With half of original DNA
• So that child can have half DNA of each parent
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1.
2.
3.
4.
Put the steps of the cell cycle in order starting
with interphase.
During _____ the chromosomes line up in the
middle.
At the end of telophase there are 2 identical
____.
After cytokinesis & mitosis there are 2 identical
______ ______ with the _____ number of
chromosomes.
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
1.
2.
3.
The scientist who named the cell
was _____.
DNA is located in the ________ of
the cell.
DNA is ___________________.
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells
Snapshot
Compare & contrast
renewable vs.
nonrenewable resources
(use a venn diagram)
LS.2 The student will understand that all living things are made up of cells