Download water moving across a cell membrane

GHSGT Review
Week 1:
Cells
Cell Transport
Chemistry of LIfe
Cells
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
All come from preexisting cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function of life
Robert Hooke
1st saw cells under
microscope
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS
Example – BACTERIA BACTERIA and
NOTHING BUT BACTERIA
Prokaryotic Cells continued
Kingdom – EUBACTERIA or
ARCHEABACTERIA (these used to be
the old single kingdom MONERA)
EUBACTERIA are the common bacteria
that are found everywhere
ARCHEABACTERIA are found only in very
hostile environments (hot steam vents,
areas with very high or low pH or places
that have a high salt content)
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
HAVE A NUCLEUS
All:
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protista
Are examples of organisms that have eukaryotic
cells
Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Animal Cells
Nucleus – The control center of the cell
Ribosomes- the site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum – a system of transport pathways
throughout the cell
Golgi (apparatus, body, complex) a stack of flattened
sacks, sacks are filled with materials that exit the cell
Cell Membrane - also called the PLASMA MEMBRANE
–a barrier that keeps the inside in and the outside out.
Mitochondria – the powerhouse of the cell – the site of
Cellular Respiration
More Animal Cell Organelles
Lysosomes – vesicles that contain digestive enzymes –
the stomach of the cell.
Vacuoles – Water filled sacks – animal cell have many
small water vacuoles
Cilia & Flagella – long hair like structures used for
locomotion –
flagella = one long whip,
Cilia = many short - allover the outer
surface of the cell
Vesicles – fluid filled sacks that contain various materials
And MORE animal cell organelles
Cytoplasm – (cyto=cell; plasm=liquid)
the gel in the cell in which
the organelles are
suspended.
Chromosomes – Coiled DNA
Nuclear Membrane – separates the nucleus
from the rest of the cell – also called,”the
nuclear envelope”
Nucleolus- Found inside the nucleus – this produces
ribosomes
Plant Cells
Same as animal, EXCEPT:
– Have cell wall – made of CELLULOSE
– Have chloroplast (plastid) – contains the
photosynthetic pigment called CHLOROPHYLL
– Have one LARGE vacuole
– Do NOT have centrioles
DAY TWO
Cell Transport and
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment
Examples:
maintaining a constant internal body
temperature
Water regulation
Crossing the Plasma
Membrane
Passive Transport – does not
require energy input on the part of
the cell.
Active Transport – requires the
cell to expend energy
Passive Transport
Diffusion – particles moving from an area
of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
examples – smells, water evaporation,
Osmosis – water moving across a cell
membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration
Active Transport
Sodium – Potassium Pump –
Endocytosis – (into the cell)
phagocytosis – large solid particles are
brought into the cell
pinocytosis – small or liquid (non-water)
particles are brought into the
cell.
Exocytosis (out of the cell) materials are
released from the cell
Day three
Chemistry of Life
Elements
6 elements in all living things: CPHONS
Water
Adhesion
Cohesion
Polar
Meniscus
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates – saccharides
Lipids – fats and oils
Proteins ****
– Made of Amino Acids
– Enzymes (Catalysts)
Nucleic Acids
– DNA & RNA
What Do Living Things Do?
What Do Living Things Do?
Absorb (take in nutrients)
Excrete
Digest
Biosynthesis
Secrete
Reproduce
Adapt
Use Energy
Photosynthesis & Cellular
Respiration
1. In this process, cells use
glucose to produce energy
Photosynthesis
Homeostasis
Respiration
lysosome
2. This describes how our body
temperature stays at a safe
level.
Respiration
Heterotroph
Mitochondrion
homeostasis
3. Which of the following is an
autotroph?
Fungi
Tree
Amoeba
Goldfish
4. Which of the following is a
heterotroph?
Wheat
Human
Dandelion
grass
5. What controls movement in
and out of the cell?
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
nucleus
6. The site of photosynthesis is
the
Cell wall
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
chloroplast
7. It is where protein synthesis
takes place
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Nucleus
chromosome
8. It controls the movement in
and out of the nucleus.
Cell membrane
Nucleolus
Nuclear membrane
ribosome
9. It is involved in the
breakdown of food in the cell.
Lysosome
Ribosome
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
10. It is the rigid structure that
gives shape to plant cells.
Cell wall
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
11. Glucose is changed into
pyruvic acid during
Photosynthesis
Glycolysis
Electron transport
The Kreb’s Cycle
12. In this process, pyruvic acid
and oxygen yield carbon
dioxide, water and ATP.
Photosynthesis
Glycolysis
Electron transport
Kreb’s Cycle
13. Two structures found in
plant cells and not in animal
cells are
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Ribosomes and cell walls
Cell wall and chloroplasts
Cell membrane and cell wall
14. When more water goes into
a cell than out of a cell, the
solution around the cell is
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
destroyed
15. Which element is present in
all living things?
Iron
Carbon
Helium
Sodium
16. What is the function of an
enzyme in a biochemical
reaction?
Catalyst
Solvent
Inhibitor
nutrient
17. All living things exhibit the
following characteristics
EXCEPT:
Growth and development
Response to the environment
Respiration of oxygen
Transfer of genetic information
18. Which of the following is
true of MOST living things?
A male and female are required for reproduction
All cells of the organism are the same
All organisms have cells arranged into tissues
The ultimate source of energy for all organisms
is the sun.
NEXT WEEK:Heredity
Mitosis & Meiosis
Transcription, Translation, Replication
Punnett Squares, Dominance
Genetic Diseases