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Quantitative Units of Measurement distance speed mass force work power torque centimeters / meters / kilometers / meters/sec. / meters/min / kilograms X Newtons / joules / watts / watts X watts / newton-meters / 2.54 = .3048 = 1.609 = .447 = 26.8 = 2.205 = 4.448 = 1.355 = 745.63 = .0143 = 69.78 = 1.355 = Biomechanical Terms and Movements about the body flexion extension pronation supination plantarflexion dorsiflexion abduction adduction hyperextension hyperflexion retraction protraction ulnar flexion (adduction) radial flexion (abduction) medial lateral medial rotation inches feet miles miles/hour miles/hour pounds pounds foot pounds horespower kcal/min kcal/min foot pounds lateral rotation depression elevation inversion eversion circumduction horizontal adduction horizontal abduction anterior posterior dorsal ventral proximal distal translation opposition varus valgus prone supine contralateral ipsilateral caudal cephalic MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SHOULDER Muscle Biceps Brachi Subscapularis Origin supraglenoid tubercle, corocoid process scapula (coracoid process) lateral 3rd of clavicle acromion process, scapula infraspinous fossa (scapula) spinous process thoracic and lumbar vert. 3-4 ribs, iliac crest, scapula cervical vert 1-4 clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6 ribs 3-5 C7, T1-T5 ribs 1-8 costal cartilage of rib 1 scapula Supraspinatus fossa of scapula Teres major Teres minor Trapezius scapula scapula occipital bone, C7, T1-12 Coracobrachialis Deltoid Infraspinatus Latissmus Dorsi Levator scapula Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Rhomboid Serratus Anterior Subclavius Insertion radial tuberosity Action medial humerus horiz. flexion deltoid tubercle (humerus) greater tubercle (humerus) humerus scapula greater tubercle corocoid process scapula scapula clavicle lesser tubercle on humerus lesser tubercle shoulder elevation retraction, elevation depression abduction, arm flexion lesser tubercle greater tubercle acromion process scapula, lateral clavicle MUSCLES ACTING ON THE FOREARM Muscle Origin Insertion Action Anconeus lateral epicondyle extension Biceps Brachii supraglenoid tubercle corocoid process anterior surface of lower humerus lateral ridge of olecranon process of ulna radial tuberosity coronoid process of ulna styloid process of flexion Brachialis Brachioradialis flexion Extensor Carpi Brevis Extensor Carpi Long. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Pronator Quadratus Supinator Triceps brachi humerus lateral epicondyle lateral humerus lateral epicondyle radius 3rd metacarpal 2nd metacarpal 5th metacarpal flexion flexion extension anterior surface of ulna lateral epicondyle anterior radius pronation, flexion lateral upper radius supination glenoid tubercle on scapula, humerus shaft olecranon process MUSCLES ACTING ON THE HIP JOINT Muscle Origin Insertion Action Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus inferior rami of pelvis inferior rami of pelvis Adductor Magnus anterior pubis, ischial tuberosity ischial tuberosity poster. femur poster. femur (middle 1/3) posterior femur adductor tubercle lateral condyle of tib.head of fibula gluteal tuberosity, ITB thigh adduction thigh adduction, internal rotation thigh adduction internal rotation Biceps femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gracilis Iliacus Obturator Internus Obturator Externus Pectineus Piriformis posterior ilium, sacrum coccyx anterior, lateral ilium inferior rami of pubis inner surface of ilium & sacrum margin of obturator foramen pubis, ischium, obturator foramen margin pectineal line on pubis Quadratus femoris Rectus femoris anterior, lateral sacrum transverse processes, T12-L5 ischial tuberosity anterior iliac spine Sartorius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Tensor fascia latae anterior, iliac spine iscial tuberosity ischial tuberosity anterior iliac spine Psoas greater trochanter medial tibia lesser trochanter greater trochanter thigh ext. rotation upper, post. femur thigh external rotation lesser trochanter thigh adduction & flexion thigh ext. rotation, thigh abduction greater trochanter lesser trochanter greater trochanter patella & tibial tuberosity medial tibia medial condyle medial tibia iliotibial tract thigh external rotation MUSCLES ACTING ON THE KNEE JOINT Muscle Origin Insertion Action Biceps femoris ischial tuberosity knee flexion & ext. rotation Gastrocnemius Rectus femoris medial and lateral condyles of femur inferior rami of pubis lateral condyle of femur anterior iliac spine lateral condyle of tib. head of fibula calcaneus Sartorius anterior, iliac spine Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Vastus Intermedius ischial tuberosity ischial tuberosity anterior, lateral femur Vastus Lateralis intertrochanteric line, linea aspera linea aspera, trochanteric line Gracilis Popliteus Vastus Medialis medial tibia proximal tibia patella & tibial tuberosity medial tibia thigh flexion, leg extension thigh flexion and ext. rotation, leg flex and internal rotation medial condyle medial tibia patella, tibial tuberosity Patella, tibial tuberosity patella, tibial tuberosity MUSCLES ACTING ON THE ANKLE AND FOOT Muscle Origin Insertion Action Abductor Digiti Minimi Abductor Hallucis lateral calcaneus 5th toe toe abduction medial calcaneus toe abduction Adductor Hallucis 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal lateral calcaneus prox. phalanx of big toe big toe 1st, 2nd, 3rd toe toe extension Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor digitorum longus Extensor Hallucis longus Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis toe adduction lateral condyle of tibia toes 2-5 & fibula, interosseous membrane anterior fibula, big toe interosseous membrane 5th metatarsal little toe eversion, toe 2-5 extension medial clacaneus toe 2-5 flexion toes 2-5 big toe extension forefoot adduction, little toe flexion Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Gastrocnemius Lumbricales Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Plantaris Soleus Tibialis Anterior Tibialis Posterior posterior tibia toes 2-5 cuboid big toe posterior fibula (lower 2/3) medial and lateral condyles of femur tendon of fl. dig. longus lower fibula lateral condyle of tibia upper fibula lower fibula, interosseus membrane linea aspera on femur upper, posterior tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane upper lateral tibia, interosseus membrane upper, posterior tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane big toe calcaneus toes 2-5 toe 2-5 flexion, plantarflexion big toe flexion big toe flexion forefoot adduction leg flexion plantarflexion toe 2-5 flexion 5th metatarsal 1st cuneiform,1st metatarsal 5th metatarsal calcaneus calcaneus 1st cuneiform navicular MUSCLES ACTING ON THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Muscle Origin Insertion External Oblique 9-12 ribs Iliocostalis Multifidus Quadratus Scalene sacrum, T11-L5 iliac crest T12-L5, ilium, sacrum iliac crest, lumbar fascia L1-L5, transverse processes sacrum, iliac spine, L5-C4 iliac crest, L2-L5 cervical vertebrae anterior spine, pubic tubercle, iliac crest 6 or 7 ribs Splenius Capitis C7, T1-T3 Sternocleidomastoid Transverse sternum, clavicle last 6 ribs, iliac crest, Iliopsoas Internal Oblique Longissimus Action lesser trochanter ribs 8-10, linea alba T1-T12, trans. Proc. spinous proceses L1-2, last rib ribs 1 and 2 mastoid process, occipital bone mastoid process linea alba, pubic trunk ext., lateral flex. same side rotation trunk ext., lateral flex. opposite side rotation trunk lateral flexion cervical lateral flex. flexion Inc. interabdominal inguinal ligament crest pressure Abdominus MUSCLES ACTING ON THE WRIST AND FINGERS Muscle Origin Insertion Action Abductor Digiti Minimi Abductor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus Adductor Pollicis pisiform little finger finger abuction scaphoid, trapezium thumb phalanx thumb abduction middle of radius thumb metacarpal thumb abduction capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpal lateral epicondyle of humerus lateral epicondyle thumb phalanx thumb adduction 3rd metacarpal tendon of extensor digitorum lateral epicondyle little finger hand extension, hand radial flexion hand ext. and ulnar flexion finger extension dorsal hood of four fingers thumb phalanx finger extension, hand extension thumb extension thumb phalanx thumb extension 2nd and 3rd metacarpal pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal middle phalanx of four fingers phalanx of thumb hand flex, hand radial flexion hand and ulnar flexion phalanx of thumb thumb flexion dorsal hood of 4 fing. finger flex. and ext Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Digitorum Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis Middle of radius and ulna middle of ulna Flexor Carpi Ulnaris medial epicondyle Flexor Digitorum medial epicondyle Flexor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Pollicis Longus Lumbricales trapezium, trapezoid capitate middle radius medial epicondyle tendon of flexor digitorum 3rd metacarpal finger and hand flexion thumb flexion
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