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CELLS Structure & Function Review Which kind of cell is the largest? animal cell plant cell Bacteria Plant cells are the biggest What do we call membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through but not others? Selectively permeable OR semi-permeable Which kind of cell is the smallest? animal cell plant cell Bacteria Bacterial cells are the smallest Which molecule found in cell membranes helps cells “recognize self” ? glycoproteins Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins Which cell organelles burn glucose and store energy as ATP? mitochondria Phospholipids form bilayers in cell membranes because their tails are trying hydrophobic _______ to stay away from water. Name a cell part with a DOUBLE MEMBRANE around it Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts What is the dark spot in the nucleus called? nucleolus What do we call DNA that is TIGHTLY PACKED in DIVIDING CELLS? chromosomes What is the gel-like material and organelles called inside the cell membrane? cytoplasm What do we call DNA that is SPREAD OUT in NON-DIVIDING CELLS? chromatin What are the folded membranes inside mitochondria called? cristae Which organelle looks like a “stack of pancakes”? GOLGI body http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm Tell what this molecule does “self” identification Tell what this molecule does Store and transfer energy Which part of a phospholipid is HYDROPHILIC? head tails Heads are hydrophilic TRUE or FALSE ALL CELLS have a cell membrane TRUE, plant, animal, and bacterial cells all have a CELL membrane Which part of a phospholipid is HYDROPHOBIC? head tails Tails are hydrophobic TRUE or FALSE ALL CELLS have a nuclear membrane FALSE; only plant and animal cells (eukaryotes) have a NUCLEAR membrane. NOT bacteria (prokaryotes) Tell which part does it? Burns glucose & stores energy as ATP __________________ Mitochondria Controls what enters or leaves the cell _________________ Cell membrane Sort & package substances Golgi bodies for transport out of cell _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ nucleolus Control center of cell ___________________ nucleus Name this organelle Mitochondria What does it do? Powerplant of cell; Burn glucose and store energy as ATP Name this molecule found in cell membranes phospholipid http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm Name this cell part http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp centrioles Name this molecule found in cell membranes Pull chromosomes apart Smooth _________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is hydrophobic ______________. hydrophilic hydrophobic Cell suicide for the good of the organism is called ____________ APOPTOSIS Cells that have a nuclear membrane and membranes around their organelles are called ________________ eukaryotes Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Centrioles are only found in ANIMAL cells ________ plant animal bacteria Name this part. Smooth ER Tell what it does? Make lipids/steroids; Regulate calcium; Break down toxins Name this cell organelle Golgi body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm Tell what it does Sort and package molecules for transport out of cell Tell which part does it? Pulls chromosomes apart Power plant _________________ centrioles ___________________ Mitochondria Surrounds the DNA & controls what enters/leaves nucleus____________________ Nuclear membrane Supports and protects Cell wall bacterial cells ___________________ ribosomes Make proteins _______________________ What’s the function? Mitochondria Power ____________________ plant;burn glucose; make ATP Ribosomes Make proteins ___________________ Cell wall __________________ support; protection molecules for export Golgi bodies Package ____________________ Centrioles ________________ Pull chromosomes apart Smooth ER Make steroids; regulate calcium; ___________________ Break down toxins in liver What’s the function? Rough ER Highway in cell ____________________ nucleus Contains DNA; control center ___________________ what enters/leaves cell cell membrane Controls ____________________ chloroplast vacuole ________________ photosynthesis Stores water, food, molecules, waste ___________________ Make ribosomes nucleolus ________________________ Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters Cell membrane or leaves the cell ___________________ Pulls chromosomes Centrioles during cell division __________________ Digests unwanted Lysosomes substances or cell parts _______________ Ribosomes Makes proteins ______________________ Nucleus Contains DNA ___________________ http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm Name this molecule found in cell membranes glycoprotein Name this molecule ATP RIBOSE Image by Riedell Tell which part does it? Makes lipids/steroids smooth ER for membranes ____________________ Stores energy as ATP Mitochondria _________________ Transports proteins ROUGH ER made on its ribosomes _________________ Regulates calcium levels Smooth ER in muscle cells ________________ Supports and protects Cell wall plant cells ___________________ Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called rough _________ ER. Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome A plant cell is a ______________. eukaryote prokaryote eukaryote These organelles helps with APOPTOSIS and are also called “suicide sacs” lysosomes Cells that DO NOT have a nuclear membrane OR membranes around their organelles are called PROKARYOTES ________________ Name the cell part that makes this molecule Mitochondria make ATP RIBOSE Put the following cells in order of decreasing size: Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell Bacterium Animal _________ Plant _________ ________ small smaller smallest True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them Name the process by which your fingers and toes formed from paddle-like structures and your tail disappeared? apoptosis http://www.mgm.ufl.edu/images/bharfe/image3.jpg http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/tail_bud.htm Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage space is a ___________. vacuole http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif eukaryote An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote Name the molecule that makes plant cell walls sturdy cellulose Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals. vacuole Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities ATP Name the molecule found in Bacterial cell walls that makes them different from plants peptidoglycan Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside chloroplasts _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ mitochondria Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike? Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells? PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall Have chloroplasts no centrioles Big vacuole NO cell wall No chloroplasts have centrioles small vacuole Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells? PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes Have chloroplasts Cellulose in cell wall Big vacuole nucleus Membrane bound organelles prokaryotes No chloroplasts peptidoglycan in cell wall no vacuole no nucleus No membrane bound organelles Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells? Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes No cell wall vacuole nucleus Membrane bound organelles prokaryotes cell wall no vacuole no nucleus No membrane bound organelles no centrioles Centrioles
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