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Transcript
Cell Structure and Function All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are: • The basic unit of structure and function of a living organism. – Organisms can be unicellullar – Organsims can be multicellular History of the cell. • 1665 Anton van Leevwenhoek: constructed first simple microscope. • Viewed pond water and saw tiny moving structures • he called “wee little beasties” or “animalcules • . • 1670 Robert Hooke – English scientist – invented first compound light microscope. – Viewed cork – Named tiny, hollow units and called them “cells”. Approximately 200 years later… • 1833 Robert Brown – First to view a nucleus within a cell. – Scientist now knew that there were structures within the “cells” and they were not hollow like the cork. The Cell Theory • 1. Every living organism is made up of one or more cells. • 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms. • 3. All cells come from like, pre-existing cells. Two types of cells exist: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells • Word means “before nucleus” • Includes all bacteria – Believed to be the first cells on Earth Traits: • Do not have a nucleus • Do not have membrane bound organelles. • Genetic material just floats around the center of the cell. Eukaryotic Cells • Word means “contains a true nucleus” • Examples includes all animals, plants, fungi, and protist. • Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. • Organelles are “tiny organs” within a cell, each having their own function. Two types of eukaryotic cells: Plant-like Animal-like Traits common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -Plasma / cell membranes -Cytoplasm -Cell wall -Genetic material -Ribosomes Cell Membrane The Fluid Mosaic Model is the model of the structure of the cell membrane. Plasma or Cell Membrane: Function: 1. Outer boundary of the cell -separates one cell from another 2. Acts as a “gatekeeper” -regulates what is allowed to enter or leave the cell. Oxygen Food Molecules Water Carbon dioxide Cellular Waste Excess water Cytoplasm: 1. -liquid part of the cell 2. -found in all areas between the nucleus and the cell membrane 3.-made mostly of water with salts, amino acids, nucleotides, etc… dissolved in it. Function: -to suspend and allow structures to move about. Cell Wall: 1.-surrounds cell membrane -found in plants, fungi, some bacteria and some protist. 2.-located outside the cell membrane 3.-provides shape and support 4. -has openings so items can pass through. 5. -made up of cellulose Genetic Material: 1.-made up of DNA 2.-has instructions for making all cellular proteins. Prokaryotic Cells: -Have no nucleus -DNA is free floating -DNA is in 1 circular loop Eukaryotic Cells: -DNA contained in a nucleus -many linear pieces of DNA known as chromosomes. Ribosomes: The cells “workbench” Job: Makes proteins, in their linear form, by assembling amino acids in the correct order based on DNA’s code. Continue on to Bacteria lecture Continue on to Viruses