Download Cell Structure and Function - University of California

Cell Structure and
Function
Cell compartmentalization
Organelle jigsaw
Nucleus
 Ribosomes
 Smooth ER
 Rough ER
 Golgi apparatus
 Lysosomes
 Vacuoles

Cytoskeleton - structure


Network of fibers
extended throughout
the cytoplasm
FLEXIBLE!
Cytoskeleton function




Mechanical support
Maintain shape (animal cells)
Anchors organelles and
molecules
Motility




Moves entire cells
Moves part of the cell
Motor proteins needed (whole cell,
cilia, flagella, muscle contraction,
vesicle movement)
Signal transduction
Cytoskeleton components
Microtubules - Centrioles
9 sets of 3
Microtubules - Cilia and Flagella
Microtubules - Cilia and Flagella
Microfilaments
Plant cell wall
Cell protection, shape maintenance, prevents
water uptake
 Found in some prokaryotes, protists, and fungi
 Cellulose + other polysaccharides

Extracellular Matrix
Carbohydrate functions
Intercellular junctions
Cell membrane structure
Protein functions
Membrane permeability

Is the cell membrane permeable to…
 Hydrophobic
(nonpolar) molecules
 Ions
 Polar
molecules
 Small versus large molecules

Aquaporins
Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis

Concepts
 semi-permeable
 diffusion
 osmosis
 solutions
hypotonic
 hypertonic
 isotonic

 water
potential
membrane
Diffusion vs. osmosis
Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis
Tonicity
Water potential (KNOW THIS
WELL!)
Ψ: Water potential (in MPa)
 Always higher to lower Ψ
 Ψs : solute potential (osmotic potential) Always (-)
 Ψp : Pressure potential (+ or -)
 Animal cells: Ψ = Ψs (
 Plant cells: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp

Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Cotransport
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Reading quiz

Page 140, problems 6-10
Review of chromosome vs.
chromatid
Cell cycle
Mitotic spindle
Cytokinesis
Cell cycle control
Cell cycle control
Cancer growth