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MS1 TEXTUAL ANALYSIS TEXT - DRIVE –PROMOTIONAL TRAILER – MARKETING Mock Prep 1. Nov 2011 Focus Q1 textual analysis & Q2 representation masculinity WJEC INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES These instructions are on the front of the exam paper. Make sure you read. Answer all three questions. Read the questions so that you are familiar with their requirements. Audio-Visual extract The DVD extract will be played three times. For the first viewing just watch and listen. During the second viewing you may make notes. You will be allowed ten minutes to make further notes and to think about your answer to the question. During the third and final viewing you may make additional notes. You should spend approximately 50 minutes completing your answer to Question 1. IN THE EXAM YOU HAVE 2 ½ HOURS EXAM TIME, THIS INCLUDES 30 MINS PREP: VIEWINGS & NOTETAKING, WITH THE REMAINING TWO HOURS TO ANSWER 3 QUESTIONS. First thing to do is list the key terms you will need, you can then use this as a grid to note what you know about the extract and link it to key words. Focus most of the first hour on Q.1. if you run out of ideas leave half a page space so you can come back to it at the end and CONCLUDE, sum up your main points: “In conclusion......” For this prep mock you will only deconstruct one text. and analyse WJEC use two, sometimes three AV extracts, So practise prepare. & Typical AV extracts have been: TV ads(often clearly gendered), trailers and pre-credit/credit sequences/opening scenes from TV programmes (C.S.I. N.Y & The Bill) and news extracts from different news channels (Obama’s inaugeration). Events/nation have included different channel coverage of The Olympics. In the exam You will not be allowed to make notes until during the second viewing. Today you will be able to, so pay attention first time. Always consider the media form of the text you are being asked to analyse and consider the function THINGS TO IDENTIFY ON FIRST VIEWING: GENRE & NARRATIVE As you can’t make notes on first viewing you have to learn how to make mental notes on identifying key areas: Genre, typical codes and conventions Sub and hybrid elements Narrative – construction - Todorov Narrative codes Identify typical codes and conventions of genre such as iconography, mise en scene or typical narrative conventions. Listen to the diegetic dialogue and non diegetic voice over narration Proppian character functions – can you identify any? RECAP 0N GENRE & SUB & HYBRID ELEMENTS We recognise genre using our cultural knowledge to identify typical genre codes and conventions. Mise en scene (location, era, who lives in a place like this...what does it say about the person..) Is the mise en scene typical of a genre, give examples. We have discussed how the Horror genre, being one of the oldest, has many sub genres such as: slasher, classic, supernatural, can you name any others.... Crime also has many sub genres: the vigilante, forensics, can you identify others...... Iconography – Horses, guns, is the iconography typical of a genre? Key props- identify and analyse – what do they represent? Dress codes – what do they connote? How is this character constructed? Rich, poor, cool, loser, nerd, etc Describe briefly using media terms then analyse the Hybrid genre is when there is a mix of two or more genres, L.O.R is fantasy/action. Many texts now contain genre hybrid elements so it is important that you identify any. Cowboys & Aliens...... MEDIA STUDIES EXAM PAPER MS1 MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS AND RESPONSES TODAY WE WILL FOCUS ON Q.1 Answer all three questions (today we will answer Q. 1) Study the extract the trailer for Drive 2011 1. Analyse the extract commenting on: • visual codes • technical and audio codes • narrative construction. [40] 2. Using your own detailed examples, explore the representation of masculinity in the media today [30] 3 .(a) Identify two different audiences for this trailer. [4] (b) Explore how this trailer attracts one of these audiences. [10] (c) With reference to your own detailed examples, explore how media texts position audiences and/or users. [16] WHAT DO WE MEAN - VISUAL CODES Focus on the visual, everything “in the Colour codes – bright & saturated, Iconography of...identify iconography Mise en scene- where are the scenes set, what Key props- what are they, what do they connote frame”, that is staged in the mise en scene: desaturated and grey? What do the colour codes used represent? Monochrome? and analyse what they say about the characters and the narrative do they say .......are they rich, what is their culture, lifestyle, class, identity character functions – apply Propp how are they encoded? Character performance Dress codes – what do they say about the NVC codes: facial expressions – how do they Use of graphics characters, how are the characters constructed. create sense of mood Describe/deconstruct using media terms, then analyse the connotations meanings Representing Signifying When is it set, Where is it set Who is in it & how are they constructed? What genre is this, how do I know? By recognising the typical visual codes of the genre TECHNICAL CODES Shot types: identify a range analysis exterior/interior, upward tilt, downward tilt, establishing, panoramic, long/med/close/extreme cutaway/cut in, night-vision, C.G.I, over the shoulder, wide angle, deep focus, shot length Lighting if relevant Cinematography: pan, whip pans, tracking , zoom in/out, cut-in’s, cutaways, aerial shots, establishing shots Steadicam(continuous shot with no cuts), Pull focus, deep focus Editing: cut, dissolve, fade to B.or W. Dissolves, Shot, reverse shot,180o Rule, cross cutting, split screen - flashbacks/fowards, freeze-frames, slow motion, fast motion, C.G.I & Green screen A good way to consider this is to identify – they say how and why they are used. Correctly identify, explain how and why they are used, to signify, connote, represent? The use of whip pans and fast paced editing create confusion in... the scene opens with a wide panoramic aeriel shot of a city, this is to establish the location, as.... and the time and setting for this text. The cutaway shot to the gun, signifies that it could be used and introduces conflict to the narrative between.. the exterior shot of the building represents the protagonists home... the cross cutting between the two scenes means that they are connected in the narrative The scene is edited using slow motion to represent.... Who shares the frame signifying closeness? Who is separated by editing, using shot reverse shot?, who is represented in close-up, why AUDIO CODES - SOUND Sound such as music can be diegetic or non diegetic – what is the difference? What kind of non diegetic music is used, to create a sense of... Consider how sound creates meaning when anchored to a specific image Identify any sound bridges or anchorage Use of soundtrack to dramatise, what is used, how is it used? Pleonastic (enhanced) use of diegetic sound – e.g gunshots, explosions, screeching tyres, swords, Note who controls (if any) the voice over dialogue Who is the first person to speak? Note: accent, dialect, slang, specialist language and connotations of.. Analyse the type of dialogue used e.g genre language codes, How does the dialogue create narrative/s Enigma codes can be raised in the dialogue, so note key lines. NARRATIVES & NARRATIVE Todorov & linear narratives following the structure: E – D – NE Can you apply Todorov to this text? How does it follow or not, refer closely to the text Non linear narratives e.g Pulp Fiction are edited to be non chronological is this text editied chronologically? Identify editing techniques: flashbacks, forwards, freeze frames, slow/fast motion and fades to black or white. Note the pace of the editing CODES Narrative codes ENIGMA– who, what... Function to engage the audience – identify relevant enigma codes & say why they are used ACTION – close ups on a ticking bomb signifies...? A cutaway shot to a gun connotes..? Sound – identify non – diegetic use of sound, how is it used and why? Identify key areas of diegetic dialogue, how does it give us narrative information? Remember to discuss accent, dialect, NARRATIVE CONSTRUCTION – APPLY TODOROV – DOES IT FOLLOW? How is the text constructed – does it follow a Todorovian linear structureexplain how, with clear references to the text. Identify key scenes that do/n’t conform to Todorov Conflict /disruptions– Levi Strauss & Binary oppositions- can it be applied? How? Narrative codes Action codes are foreground through the cinematography and editing (find e.gs) here. Enigma codes close ups, cutaways and dialogue can often raise enigmas: who, what how why / Is the narrative chronological? VIEWING 1. KEY TERMS AS THIS IS A PREP MOCK WATCH THEN IN GROUPS OF 3 MAKE NOTES ON THE FOLLOWING What:is it & How do you know? Genre –sub – hybrid Iconography Key props Mise en scene Dress/hair codes Narrative- Todorov – structuremotivation of characterMusic Where/when is it located/set, give textual example of how you know After this viewing you may take five minutes to chat in your groups, discuss and make individual notes before second viewing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWX34ShfcsE VIEWING 2. Technical codes Shot types: identify a range analysis exterior/interior, narrative codes upward tilt, downward tilt, establishing, panoramic, long/med/close/extreme cutaway/cut in, night-vision, C.G.I, over the shoulder, wide angle, deep focus, shot length Visual style of text e.g Noir aesthetic Cinematography: pan, whip pans, tracking , zoom in/out, cut-in’s, cutaways, aerial shots, establishing shots Steadicam(continuous shot with no cuts), Pull focus, deep focus Editing: cut, dissolve, fade to B.or W. Dissolves, Shot, reverse shot,180o Rule, cross cutting, split screen - flashbacks/fowards, freezeframes, slow motion, fast motion, C.G.I & Green screen Lighting if relevant. Back – key – fill lighting ENIGMA– who, what... Function to engage the audience – identify relevant enigma codes & say why they are used ACTION – close ups on a ticking bomb signifies...? A cutaway shot to a gun connotes Can you apply Todorov to this text? Identify editing techniques: flashbacks, forwards, freeze frames, slow/fast motion and fades to black or white Cause & effect narrative FINAL VIEWING Sound diegetic Dialogue Accent, dialect, specialist, slang, Narrative information – get “quotes” Character motivation – how is this shown, Identify conflict/narrative disruption and anchorage in dialogue Sound non diegetic Voice over Music - connotes In editing – pleonastic, contrapunctal, parallel Similarities/difference s to other texts. ONCE YOU HAVE THE BASICS, YOU MAY WANT TO EXPLORE: INTERTEXTUALITY Pastiche - Homage Visit the moodle sites MS1 and revise key areas of intertextuality, Parody – Satire Discuss in your groups any examples of intertextuailty in the text referring closely to specific scenes in the text HOMEWORK – WATCH THE SEQUENCE AGAIN AND TYPE UP YOUR NOTES Answer Q1. – minimum of four sides 1 week deadline. NEXT WEEKS SESSION WILL DISCUSS Q.2 REPRESENTATION QUESTION WORTH A LOT OF POINTS...... PLEASE JOIN TO MASCULINITY FORUM ON MOODLE * 2. Using your own detailed examples, Explore the representation of masculinity in the media today [30]