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Four Principles of Music
Pitch (frequency)
• The highness or lowness of Sound
Dynamics (Amplitude)
• Degrees of loudness or softness
Tone Color (Overtones)
• The quality of sound that distinguishes one
instrument from another
Rhythm (Duration)
• The flow of music through time
Mu H 101
14
RHYTHM (Duration)
There are several interrelated aspects of
understanding rhythm. They are:
•
•
•
•
•
Beat
Meter
Accent
Syncopation
tempo
60
RYTHMN EXAMPLES
I got rhythm (1930)
by George Gershwin
Unsquare Dance (1961) by
David Brubeck
Danse du Sabre by Aram
Katchaturian
78
1. Which one of the following instruments is not a woodwind.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Flute
Bassoon
English Horn
Oboe
French Horn
Clarinet
79
2.Which one of the following instruments is not a brass instrument.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Coronet
Trombone
English Horn
Tuba
French Horn
Euphoniam
80
3.Which one of the following instruments is not a string instrument.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Banjo
Violin
Harp
Piano
Cello
Viola
81
4.Which one of the following instruments is not a percussion
instrument.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Snare drum
Clavé
Maracas
Cymbals
Timpani
Triangle
piano
82
5. The only string instrument in the orchestra that is plucked instead
of bowed is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Snare drum
Celesté
Violin
Harp
Trumpet
Clarinet
piano
83
6. Instruments that are played by the use of double reeds in the
orchestra are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Clarinets and Saxophones
Saxophones and Bassoons
Oboes and Flutes
Oboes and Bassoons
Trumpet and Piccolos
Clarinets and French Horns
Harp and Piano
84
7. The loudest section of the orchestra is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
85
8. The section of the orchestra that has instruments that play both
definite and indefinite pitches is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
86
9. The section of the orchestra that incorporates pizzicato, tremolo
and double stops as ways of expression and articulation is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
87
10. Which section of the orchestra is not included in a military band:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
88
11. The highest instrument of the woodwind family is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
trumpet
Oboe
Clarinet
flute
piccolo
89
12. The lowest instrument of the brass family is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
trumpet
Saxophone
Trombone
Tuba
Bassoon
90
13. The “tenor” instrument of the string family is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cello
Violin
Double Bass
Viola
Harp
91
14. The organization of beats into regular groups is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
timbre
volume
meter
measure
syncopation
92
15. Rhythm is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
An arrangement of notes through a continuum of time
Duration an individual note has set apart in the measure
Organization of beats in to groups
A fixed number of beats
93
16. A measure is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Particular arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music.
Duration an individual note has set apart in the measure
Organization of beats in to groups
A fixed number of beats
94
17. An example of a tenuto or the longest stressed note would be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
First marking on the left
Second marking
Center
First Right to center
Far right
95
18. Of the following Italian tempo markings which one is slowest:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Moderato
Allegro
Presto
Adagio
largo
96
19. Of the following Italian tempo markings which one is fastest:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Moderato
Allegro
Presto
Adagio
largo
97
20. Syncopation is:
a. When an accented note comes exactly where we expect it
b. A note precisely landing on the third beat of a measure
c. When an accent note comes where we don’t normally
expect it.
d. Always a displaced 4th beat.
98
1. Which one of the following instruments is not a woodwind.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Flute
Bassoon
English Horn
Oboe
French Horn
Clarinet
99
2.Which one of the following instruments is not a brass instrument.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Coronet
Trombone
English Horn
Tuba
French Horn
Euphonium
100
3.Which one of the following instruments is not a string instrument.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Banjo
Violin
Harp
Piano
Cello
Viola
101
4.Which one of the following instruments is not a percussion
instrument.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Snare drum
Clavé
Maracas
Cymbals
Timpani
Triangle
piano
102
5. The only string instrument in the orchestra that is plucked instead
of bowed is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Snare drum
Celesté
Violin
Harp
Trumpet
Clarinet
piano
103
6. Instruments that are played by the use of double reeds in the
orchestra are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Clarinets and Saxophones
Saxophones and Bassoons
Oboes and Flutes
Oboes and Bassoons
Trumpet and Piccolos
Clarinets and French Horns
Harp and Piano
104
7. The loudest section of the orchestra is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
105
8. The section of the orchestra that has instruments that play both
definite and indefinite pitches is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
106
9. The section of the orchestra that incorporates pizzicato, tremolo
and double stops as ways of expression and articulation is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
107
10. Which section of the orchestra is not included in a military band:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Woodwind
Brass
Percussion
Strings
Keyboard
108
11. The highest instrument of the woodwind family is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
trumpet
Oboe
Clarinet
flute
piccolo
109
12. The lowest instrument of the brass family is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
trumpet
Saxophone
Trombone
Tuba
Bassoon
110
13. The “tenor” instrument of the string family is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cello
Violin
Double Bass
Viola
Harp
111
14. The organization of beats into regular groups is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
timbre
volume
meter
measure
syncopation
112
15. Rhythm is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
An arrangement of notes through a continuum of time
Duration an individual note has set apart in the measure
Organization of beats in to groups
A fixed number of beats
113
16. A measure is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Particular arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music.
Duration an individual note has set apart in the measure
Organization of beats in to groups
A fixed number of beats
114
17. An example of a tenuto or the longest stressed note would be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
First marking on the left
Second marking
Center
First Right to center
Far right
115
18. Of the following Italian tempo markings which one is slowest:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Moderato
Allegro
Presto
Adagio
largo
116
19. Of the following Italian tempo markings which one is fastest:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Moderato
Allegro
Presto
Adagio
largo
117
20. Syncopation is:
a. When an accented note comes exactly where we expect it
b. A note precisely landing on the third beat of a measure
c. When an accent note comes where we don’t normally
expect it.
d. Always a displaced 4th beat.
118