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Statome World History The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents” Crossroads Three Continents = Cultural Diffusion Europe The 3 Continents • Europe • Asia • Africa Asia Africa Mesopotamia The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization” Two Rivers • Tigris Rivers • Euphrates Rivers • Flooding creates good farm land New Soil is called (silt) Sumerians = Ancient people of Mesopotamia are Polytheistic Belief in many gods and goddesses Anthropomorphic gods = Making gods Human Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World” – Trade needs record keeping Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing Sun dried Clay Tablets Cuneiform Writing Cuneiform changed pictures to symbols Sumerian Scribes – Record Keepers “Tablet House” = Education to the rich and powerful – Advanced Civilizations Sumerian Cylinder Seals Display religious rituals, sacred writings, or Governmental orders (decree) Gilgamesh Ancient Sumerian story of a great flood. Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story Scribes – Oral Stories written down Information can spread Ziggurat at Ur Religiou s Temple “Mountai n of the Artisans – Metal Works • Advanced metal work – Gold, Silver, and Bronze Advanced Society - Art Mesopotamian Harp Musical Instruments Board Game From Ur Recreational Activity = Specialized labor = craftspeople Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills Bronze Sargon of Akkad: The World’s First Empire [Akkadians] Akkadians conqueror Sumer: Arabic and Hebrew speaking culture. The Babylonian Empires Amorites created the Babylonian Empires 2000 BCE Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code Code of laws set up to keep trade equal, society safe, and keep people honest. Babylonian Math Using Sumerian Math = Cultural Diffusion Babylonian Numbers Example: Cultural Diffusion – The borrowing of one culture and adapting it to your culture.