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The Solar System & Beyond Chapter 21 The Sun • The closest star • Center of our universe • Made up of hydrogen and helium atoms that produce light and heat through nuclear fusion Measuring Space Distance Astronomical Units measure distance between the earth and a star • Light Year – the distance that light travels in one year – One light year is about 9.46trillion kilometers – Light travels at 300,000 km/s – The farthest objects we can observe are more than 10 billion light years away Expanding Universe • Astronomical Units (AU) are a unit of measurement used to calculate the distance between the Earth and the sun as well as other stars • Earth is 1 AU from the sun and Mars is 1.54 AU from the sun Mercury • The closest terrestrial planet to the sun • Has a diameter of 4,879 km • Its revolution around the sun takes 88 days • 3.2 light minutes from the sun • Temperature range 127ºC to 427ºC Venus • 2nd terrestrial planet from the sun • Spins clockwise on its axis (retrograde) • Has the densest atmosphere • 6.0 light minutes from the sun • One year revolution is 224 days long • Temperature 464 C Earth • 3rd Terrestrial Planet From the Sun • Only one that supports life • 8.3 light minutes from the sun • 12,756 km wide • Revolution 365 days Mars • 4th planet from the sun • 6,794 km in diameter • Nicknamed the red planet • Temperatures range from -123 C to 37 C • 12.7 light minutes from the sun Jupiter • Largest gas giant • Diameter: 142,984 km • Revolution 11 ¾ Earth years • Temperature -110 C • Radiates more energy than it receives. Distance from sun 43.3 light minutes Saturn • Winds blow at 1000 mph at its equator • Width is 120,536 km in diameter • Revolution 29 Earth years and 155 days • Temperature -140 C • Has Icy rings • Light from the sun reaches here in 1.3 light hours Uranus • Spins on its side, its poles, possibly due to planet collision • Diameter 51,118 km • Temperature -195º C • One revolution is 83 Earth years and 273 days • 2.7 light hours from the sun Neptune • Has belts of visible clouds • Diameter 49,528km • 4.2 light hours from the sun • Has thermal energy center that warms the planet like Jupiter and Neptune • Revolution 163 Earth years • Temperature -200 C Pluto ????? • Farthest from the sun, Bizarre Orbit • Demoted from planet August 2006 • Diameter 2,390 km • Temperature -225 C • Revolution every 248 Earth Years • 5.4 light hours from the sun
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