Download 4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a short phrase

Exploring The Universe
Test Review
1.
Draw and label the phases of the moon
Explain what causes them.
New moon
Waxing Crescent
1st quarter
Waxing Gibbous
Full moon
Waning Gibbous
3rd quarter
Waning Crescent
1.
Draw and label the phases of the moon
Explain what causes them.
• The moons phases are caused by it’s
revolutions around the Earth (and
therefore the part of it which we see).
2.
Explain why it is colder at the North Pole than the
Equator
• The energy from sunlight is more direct
and concentrated at the equator
sun
3.
Draw and label neap and spring tides What are the
phases of the moon are related to each? Explain the
affect on tides caused by spring and neap tides
Spring tide
Earth
sun
New moon
full moon
High tides are higher and low tides are lower
3.
Draw and label neap and spring tides What are
the phases of the moon are related to each?
Explain the affect on tides caused by spring
and neap tides
• Neap tide
Sun
Third Quarter
Earth
First Quarter
High tides and low tides similar in height
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Main
Sequence
Star
Nebula
Proto
Star
Super
Giant
Black
hole
Super
nova
Giant
Red
Giant
White
Dwarf
Neutron
star
Black
Dwarf
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Nebula: A giant cloud of gas of dust
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
protostar: as the nebula condenses down
due to gravity, the center begins to heat up
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Main Sequence Star: Regular star,
burns for millions of years. Most stars fall in
this category.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Red Giant: as a star runs our of fuel,
the outter layers begin to “swell and escape.”
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
White Dwarf: Medium and smaller stars
lose those outter layers and all that is left is
a glowing white-hot core of the old star.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Black Dwarf: the cooled-down
remains of a white dwarf.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Super Nova: Large stars ultimately explode
into a massive super nova.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Neutron star: The remaining, pulsating
dense core left after a super-nova explosion.
4. Sketch and label the life cycle of a star. Give a
short phrase description of what is going on at each
stage.
Black Hole: The largest of all super novas
result in a remaining core so dense and
with so much gravity that not even light
can escape it’s pull!
5. Explain what a light year is and why it is used.
• The distance light travels in a year.
• It is used because distances in space are
so large that we can’t realistically measure
them in meters or kilometers.
6. What is a galaxy?
A galaxy is a giant structure that contains
dust, gasses and hundreds of billions of
stars.
7.
Draw and label the three types of galaxies
spiral
(like our
galaxy, the
Milky Way)
elliptical
irregular
8. Draw the type of galaxy our solar system is
found in and label the place where our
solar system is found.
THE MILKY WAY!!!
8.
Continued: Draw
the type of galaxy
our solar system is
found in and label
the place where
our solar system is
found.
9. Describe the Big Bang Theory and the
evidence that supports it.
The Big Bang Theory states that
the universe began with an enormous
explosion about 10 to 15 billion years
ago. One of the evidences is the
“red shift” of stars moving away from us.
Tracing their paths backwards allows
scientists to estimate the “starting point”
and how long ago the Big Bang occurred.
10.
Diagram our solar system showing the
relative motions of the sun, moon, earth and
at least one inner and one outer planet
the moon is right here!
Note the planets circling the sun while
the moon is circling Earth!
11.
How are the follwing thing related: galaxy,
planet, universe, solar system? Put ‘em in
order from largest to smallest.
The universe is everything everywhere.
The universe contains many (billions!)
of galaxies!
A galaxy is made up of billions of stars.
One such star system is our solar system.
Planets circle the stars. Most likely, there
are lots-n-lots of planets out there…we are
just starting to discover them!
11.
How are the follwing thing related: galaxy,
planet, universe, solar system? Put ‘em in
order from largest to smallest.
Largest
Universe
Galaxy
Solar System
Planet
Smallest
12.
What are the four main groups of stars on
the HR diagram? What does the HR
Diagram compare/graph (three things)?
What are the trends on the H-R Diagram?
super giants
giants
white dwarfs
The four main groups on the HR Diagram
are the white dwarfs, giants, super giants
and main sequence.
What are the four main groups of stars on
the HR diagram? What does the HR
Diagram compare/graph (three things)?
What are the trends on the H-R Diagram?
BRIGHTNESS
12.
TEMPERATURE
The HR Diagram shows the relationship
between temperature, brightness and color.
BRIGHTNESS
12.
What are the four main groups of stars on
the HR diagram? What does the HR
Diagram compare/graph (three things)?
What are the trends on the H-R Diagram?
BRIGHTER
HOTTER
TEMPERATURE
The HR Diagram shows the relationship
between temperature, brightness and color.
13.
What are apparent magnitude and absolute
magnitude? Give some examples (made up
stars are ok) and compare them.
Apparent Magnitude – the brightness of a star as
seen from earth.
Absolute Magnitude – the actual brightness of a
star as compared to other stars when they are all
viewed from the same distance.
13.
What are apparent magnitude and absolute
magnitude? Give some examples (made up
stars are ok) and compare them.
The yellow star appears much “brighter” to me
because it is so much closer to earth. If I could
put them the same distance away, I would
discover that the red star is actually much brighter!
14.
What is the difference between weight and
mass?
Mass – A measure of how much matter an
object contains. It is a property of the object and
not affected by gravity. Your mass is the same,
no matter where you are in the universe!
Weight – The resulting force of the gravitational
pull on an object. You will weigh less on the moon
because there is less gravity….and more on the
sun because there is more gravity…