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How to succeed in this course • Come to class. – We will be doing exam questions almost everyday in class. • Take notes as we go, reread and highlight the important points after each class. • Do all projects on time • Do the questions in the tutorials – Also, try tutorials on the mastering astronomy website. • Work in pairs\groups. – But remember whatever you submit must be in your own words. • If you have a course related problem, let me know ASAP. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Our Place in the Universe Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. What is our place in the universe? Our “cosmic address” Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Universe The sum total of all matter and energy; that is, everything within and between all galaxies Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Nebula An interstellar cloud of gas and/or dust Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Galaxy A great island of stars in space, all held together by gravity and orbiting a common center M31, theM31, Great theGalaxy great galaxy in in AndromedaAndromeda Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. • At great distances, we see objects as they were when the universe was much younger. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How can we know what the universe was like in the past? • Light travels at a finite speed (300,000 km/s). Destination Light travel time Moon 1 second Sun 8 minutes Sirius 8 years Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million years • Thus, we see objects as they were in the past: The farther away we look in distance, the further back we look in time. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Definition: Light-Year • The distance light can travel in 1 year • About 10 trillion kilometers (6 trillion miles) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: This photo shows the Andromeda Galaxy. Question: When will we be able to see Andromeda as it is now? A. Never. B. 2.5 million years from now. C. Today. D. There is no way to know. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Solar (Star) System A star and all the material that orbits it, including its planets and moons Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Star A large, glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Planet Mars Uranus A moderately large object that orbits a star; it shines by reflected light. Planets may be rocky, icy, or gaseous in composition. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Moon (or satellite) An object that orbits a planet Ganymede (orbits Jupiter) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Asteroid A relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star Computer model from RADAR Measurements Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Comet A relatively small and icy object that orbits a star Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. How did we come to be? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Put these objects in the correct order, from nearest to farthest from Earth: A. The Sun, the Milky Way, Sirius, Jupiter, the Andromeda galaxy B. The Sun, Sirius, Jupiter, the Andromeda galaxy, the Milky Way C. The Sun, Jupiter, Sirius, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy D. Jupiter, the Sun, Sirius, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Put these objects in the correct order, from nearest to farthest from Earth: A. B. C. D. The Moon, Mars, the Sun, the nearest stars, Pluto The Moon, Mars, the Sun, Pluto, the nearest stars The Moon, the Sun, Mars, Pluto, the nearest stars Mars, the Moon, the Sun, the nearest stars, Pluto Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. The Local Group The Andromeda Galaxy • The Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way. • It is 2.5 million light years away. • It takes the light from the stars and gas in Andromeda 2.5 million years to get to us. • That means, we see Andromeda as it was 2.5 million years ago. Tutorial: Looking At Distant Objects • Work with a partner! • Read the instructions and questions carefully. • Discuss the concepts and your answers with one another. Take time to understand it now!!!! • Come to a consensus answer you both agree on. • If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer, ask another group. Imagine that you simultaneously receive the satellite transmission of two pictures of two people that live on planets orbiting two different stars. Each image shows the people at their 21st birthday parties. Consider the following possible interpretations that could be made from your observations. Which do you think is the most plausible interpretation? 1. Both people are the same age but at different distances from you. 2. The people are actually different ages but at the same distance from you. 3. The person that is closer to you is actually the older of the two people. 4. The person that is farther from you is actually the older of the two people Fifteen years ago, a quasar was observed that was found to be located 8 billion light years away. If our universe is approximately 15 billion years old, when did the quasar emit the light that we observe? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0/0 15 years ago 7 billion years ago 8 billion years ago 15 billion years ago 23 billion years ago Cross-Tab Label Colliding galaxies • Take notes on the following • https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=U QNo1hkcrYU Imagine that you simultaneously receive the satellite transmission of two pictures of two people that live on planets orbiting two different stars. Each image shows the people at their 21st birthday parties. Consider the following possible interpretations that could be made from your observations. Which do you think is the most plausible interpretation? 1. Both people are the same age but at different distances from you. 2. The people are actually different ages but at the same distance from you. 3. The person that is closer to you is actually the older of the two people. 4. The person that is farther from you is actually the older of the two people Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Fifteen years ago, a quasar was observed that was found to be located 8 billion light years away. If our universe is approximately 15 billion years old, when did the quasar emit the light that we observe? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 15 years ago 7 billion years ago 8 billion years ago 15 billion years ago 23 billion years ago 0/0 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Cross-Tab Label Colliding galaxies • Take notes on the following • https://www.youtube .com/watch?v=UQN o1hkcrYU Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.