Download Abridged SAGE Survey of LMC presentation

Hubble Science Briefing
Selecting the best targets for
JWST: My personal journey
as a MIRI team scientist
Margaret Meixner
(STScI, JHU)
March 7, 2013
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing - Margaret Meixner
Outline of Talk
• My personal story as a JWST/MIRI science team member
• Astronomers prepare now to use the power of JWST
(James Webb Space Telescope)
• Spitzer and Herschel space observatories find thousands
of forming stars in the Magellanic Clouds
– Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)
– Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)
• My JWST programs on star formation in the Magellanic
Clouds
• How JWST will discover more forming stars in nearby,
but more distant galaxies
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
2
Margaret Meixner:
Member of the JWST/MIRI
Science Team
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
3
JWST Sensitivity:
-typically detects at an order of magnitude fainter than recent and current observatories
-lower is better!
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
4
JWST Sensitivity
JWST launches in 2018;
appropriate target lists must
be developed now…
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
5
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
6
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
7
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Integrated Science
Instrument Module
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
8
Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM)
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
9
Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM)
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
10
James Webb Space Telescope:
Webb ~2018
NIRSpec
MIRI
NIRCam
NIRISS
7 March 2013
11
The Mid-InfraRed Instrument
(MIRI)
spectrograph
Imager
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
12
MIRI detector
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
13
MIRI Arrives at Goddard
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
14
MIRI Inspected at Goddard
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
15
MIRI Team
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
16
Why the Magellanic Clouds?
They act as a good astrophysical laboratory:
•
They are nearby: ~50 kpc (LMC) and ~60 kpc (SMC) [the Andromeda
Galaxy is about 16 times farther away]
•
Mean metallicity (Z)* is similar to metallicity of the interstellar medium
during Universe’s peak star formation epoch (z**~1.5)
– LMC: Z~0.5 x Z
– SMC: Z~0.2 x Z
•
Known tidal interactions between LMC and SMC, possibly the Milky Way
•
Long History of Studies & used as a proving ground:
–
Ideal Case study for galaxy evolution
*metallicity (Z) = percent of elements other than hydrogen and helium
**z = redshift
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
17
SAGEMIPS: 70
m
Spitzer SurveyLMC,
of the
Large
Magellanic
Cloud (LMC):
Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution (SAGE)
IRAC 3.6 m: old (evolved) stellar populations
IRAC 8.0 m: dust emission from ISM
MIPS 24 m: new massive star formation
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
http://sage.stsci.edu/
SAGE team
Meixner et al. 2006
Meixner et al. 2006 18
Spitzer wavelengths detect dust, stars & gas
http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/2627-sig07-011-The-Spitzer-Space-Telescope-Spectrum
7 March 2013
JWST briefing - Margaret Meixner
19
LMC: Herschel Inventory of The Agents of
Galaxy Evolution (HERITAGE)
SPIRE 250 m
PACS 160 m
PACS 100 m
HERITAGE Team;
Meixner et al.
submitted
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
20
SAGE-SMC: Spitzer IRAC & MIPS Imaging of
Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)
http://sage.stsci.edu/
SAGE SMC team
Gordon et al. 2011
7 March 2013
old (evolved) stellar populations
new massive star formation
dust emission from ISM
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
21
SMC: Herschel HERITAGE
SPIRE 250 m
PACS 160 m
PACS 100 m
HERITAGE
Team;
Meixner et al.
submitted
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
22
Why is studying dust important?
Goal of Spitzer and Herschel surveys:
• to study lifecycle of baryonic matter using infrared and
submillimeter emission from dust.
Why is studying dust important?
• Dust is present at the key transition points of this life cycle
• It is present in the ISM (which is the origin of the cycle)
• Dust enshrouds the young stellar objects as they form
• Dust is produced in the stellar winds of dying stars and
in the explosive supernovae
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
23
Tracing the Lifecycle of Baryonic Matter:
Intermediate mass stars
High mass stars
credit: http://hea-www.cfa.harvard.edu/CHAMP/EDUCATION/PUBLIC/ICONS/
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
24
Tracing the Lifecycle of Baryonic Matter:
Intermediate mass stars
High mass stars
YSOs
credit: http://hea-www.cfa.harvard.edu/CHAMP/EDUCATION/PUBLIC/ICONS/
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
25
Young Stellar Object Evolutionary Stages
Young Protostar:
Main Accretion Phase
Herschel
Spitzer
Evolved Accreting Protostar
Hubble & JWST
Thick disk, accreting,
Herbig Ae/Be
Hubble & JWST
Thin disk, T-Tauri
time
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
26
Spitzer Discovers One Thousand Young Stellar Objects in the SMC
~1100 YSO candidates; ~900 new
8.0 m
NGC 346
N 66
NGC 602
Sewilo et al. submitted
7 March 2013
7 March 2013
JWST briefing - Margaret Meixner
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
27
Spitzer Discovers Two Thousand Young Stellar Objects in the LMC
SAGE IRAC 8 m
Pre-Spitzer:
~20 protostars known
Spitzer:
~1000 YSO candidates
Whitney, Sewilo et al. (2008)
~1200 YSO candidates
Gruendl & Chu (2009)
~1800 unique sources
Star Formation Rate:
~0.1 M/yr
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
28
Spitzer Discovers Two Thousand Young Stellar Objects in the LMC
SAGE IRAC 8 m
Pre-Spitzer:
~20 protostars known
Spitzer:
~1000 YSO candidates
Whitney, Sewilo et al. (2008)
~1200 YSO candidates
Gruendl & Chu (2009)
~1800 unique sources
Star Formation Rate:
~0.1 M/yr
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
29
Detailed
study by
Spitzer finds
low-mass
YSOs
(circles)
Carlson et al. 2012
30
Detailed
study by
Herschel
finds YSO
candidates
(red squares)
JWST
simulation
region
(next slide)
Carlson et al. 2012
31
JWST will detect solar-like stars with
planet forming disks in the LMC!
Seale & Meixner
JWST imaging tiles on N113 star formation region
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
32
But it would be useful to get HST data of a field first,
as we have for an SMC source
NGC 602
SAGE SMC team
Gordon et al. 2011
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
33
Spitzer & HST image of NGC 602
Carlson, et al. 2010
MIPS 24µm
IRAC 8.0µm
7 March 2013
JWST briefing - Margaret Meixner
IRAC 3.6µm, 4.5µm, 5.8µm Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
Blue= HST Optical
Circles= YSOs
Unclassified
Stage I
Stage I/II
Stage II 34
34
HST image of NGC 602
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
35
JWST will acquire simultaneous spectral and spatial information
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
36
JWST NIRSpec & MIRI
Spectroscopy of selected YSOs
Example: N113, a massive young stellar object
Seale, Sewilo, Meixner
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
37
LMC N113: Spitzer spectrum reveals a hot massive star
MIRI
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
Seale et al. 2009
38
JWST:
&
IFU spectroscopy
reveals the environmental composition of forming stars
ISO SWS spectrum
Whittet et al. 1996
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
39
JWST can measure a spectrum of any
source detected with Spitzer
• In the LMC, we detected 6 million sources
• With Spitzer we measured spectra of only
2000
• The faintest sources were unreachable with
Spitzer
• In the time of 10 seconds to 2 hours, we can
measure a spectrum of any source.
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
40
Pursuing SAGE-like studies
in nearby Galaxies
• With Spitzer, we imaged the Magellanic Clouds with one
minute per pointing.
• With JWST MIRI, we can detect the same types of forming
stars in galaxies as far away as 1 Mpc in one minute per
pointing.
• The best galaxies should be well studied by Herschel and
Spitzer.
– the ISM should be mapped in atomic and molecular gas
– the stars should be measured and their past well understood
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
41
M31:
7 March 2013
angular size of galaxy: 190’x60’
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
42
M31:
7 March 2013
190’ x 2’ strip: total time is ~80 hrs
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
43
M33:
7 March 2013
0.889 Mpc, 71’x42’
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
44
NGC 6822:
7 March 2013
0.490 Mpc, 16’x14’
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
45
Summary of Talk
• Preparing appropriate target lists for JWST, to launch in 2018
• Spitzer and Herschel space observatories discovered thousands
of forming stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Hubble has surveyed some fields; need more to prepare for
JWST
• With JWST I will learn about the nature of the material in forming
stars in the Magellanic Clouds:
– Do they contain a similar amount of water and organic materials?
– Do the solar mass stars have enough circumstellar dust
to form planets?
• With JWST, I will discover more forming stars in nearby, but more
distant galaxies, like M31, M33 and NGC 6822
7 March 2013
Hubble Science Briefing – Margaret Meixner
46