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Download Renaissance - Mr. Kolodinski's History Classes
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Renaissance Art & Architecture The Rebirth of Classical Ideas Background & Phases • 1050 – 1350 – Population growth – Economic development – City – states • 1200 – late 1500s – Artistic achievement Bellini: Sacra Conversazione Intellectual Development • Humanism: Glorify Human Form & Potential • Revival of classical antiquity • Individualism • Secular focus Titian: Assumption of the Virgin Renaissance Italy • City-States • Power People – Medici (F) – Este (Ferrara) – Sforza (M) – Doge (V) – Pope (PS) Florence • Commerce / Trade • Banking: Medici • Textile • Patronage Renaissance Art: Techniques • Religious >> Secular subjects • Realistic • Perspective • Movement • Symmetry • Proportion Ghirlandiao: Adoration of the Shepherds Medieval v. Renaissance • Medieval – Flat – Religious – Static • Renaissance – 3-D – Secular / Human focus – Movement Ghirlandaio: Angel Appearing to Zacharias Giotto de Bondone: The Mourning of Christ • Florentine School * Fresco * Individuals Massaccio: Tribute Money • Florentine School * Perspective * Realism Sandro Botticelli: Madonna of the Magnificat • Expression Botticelli Face Emotional • Double focal points: Crown + Book Major Artists: Ninja Turtles! Raphael – Michelangelo – Donatello – Leonardo Raphael: Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals 1518 • Vatican Murals Commissioned by Pope Julius II • Leo X = Julius II successor • Focal Point = Face Raphael: The School of Athens • • • • • • In the Vatican: Stanza della Signatura Blending of Greek + Renaissance Symmetry Perspective Depth Light Leonardo da Vinci • Renaissance Man – Multi-talented – Anatomy, mechanics, art, astronomy, weaponry… • China? Leonardo: The Last Supper • Fresco * Symmetry * Individual Expression Leonardo: Mona Lisa • Symmetry • “Sfumato” – Blur – Blend – Mystery • The Grin Leonardo’s Notebooks • Vetruvian Man • Anatomy advances painting & sculpture Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel • M = sculptor, painter, architect • Commissioned by Pope Julius II 1508 • Scaffold, personally completed • Old & New Testament reflects the Renaissance Era Renaissance Sculpture • Classical Realism • Free standing • Marble & Bronze • Full body, busts & reliefs Humanism & Individuality • Individuality portrayed in details Ghiberti’s Doors - Florence • 1423, Florentine, he was only 23! • Bronze cast + gilding • 20 yrs N doors • 25 yrs E doors • “Creation” • Realism Donatello’s David • Free standing nude • Proportion of human form • 5’ tall, After beating Goliath Michelangelo’s David • • • • Marble 16’ tall Details As David decides to battle Goliath • Classical style, details Renaissance Architecture • • • • Columns Arch Dome Harmony via proportion • The Circle is key • Math! Church & Architecture • RCC builds to draw people • Tells the Biblical narrative • Visual & Symbolic Church Architecture: Florence • Santa Maria del Fiore begun 1294 by Arnolfo di Cambio, died 1302 • Began cupola (cup shaped dome) Church Architecture: Florence • Filippo Brunelleschi, 1418 figured out how to complete… ever decreasing circles with ribs to bear weight • Scaffolding upwards Church Architecture: St. Peter’s • Michelangelo hired by Pope Paul III in 1546… worked until death in 1564 • Inside St. Peter’s: – High Altar – Nave Ceiling • Roman arches – Under Dome • Single dome with arch support Church Architecture: Bramante’s Tempietto • Renaissance “Greatest Architect” • Commissioned by K+Q of Spain: Ferdinand & Isabella • St. Peter’s death site • Doric columns + Roman dome, 15’ diameter Renaissance Writers Voice of Humanism Dante Alighieri – Petrarch – Boccaccio - Castiglione Renaissance Writers • Dante 1265-1321 – Divine Comedy Allegory – Vernacular • Petrarch 1304-1374 – Sonnets in Italian • Boccaccio 1313-1375 – Decameron = Plague • Castiglione 1478-1529 – The Courtier = model Northern Renaissance • Began in Flanders >> Holland • Erasmus 1466-1536: reconcile Christian character w/ Humanism… Colloquies, Adages, new Bible A. Dűrer – Hans Holbein (Young) – van Eyck Northern Renaissance • Dűrer (G) 1471-1528 – Woodcuts – Mass Marketing • Holbein the Younger (G) 1497-1543 – Portraits, Henry VIII – Expressions • Van Eyck (Flem) 13901441 – Oil Paint developer – Realism possible English Renaissance: Elizabethan Era • G. Chaucer – Canterbury Tales: Vernacular • Sir Th. More – Utopia: Ideal place of virtue • Spenser – Faerie Queen: Ode • Marlowe = plays • Shakespeare – Comedy, tragedy, morality Renaissance Impact • Genius of humanity all at once… why? • Changed art & architecture forever • Individualism drives future thought
