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Host-Parasite Relationship • • • • • Normal Flora Pathogens Infections Opportunistic pathogens Skin Flora • • • • • • 180 species Streptococcus Staphylococcus Propionibacterium Body Odor Acne Oral Cavity Flora • • • • • Plaque Anaerobes Biofilms Dental Caries Streptococcus mutans, sobrinus • Sucrose Tongue Intestinal Tract • Stomach – pH • Helicobacter pylori • Small Intestine • Enterococci, Lactobacilli Large intestine • 1010-1011 cells/gm • Bacteroides • Enterobacteria •Escherichia coli •Enterococcus Large Intestine Flora •Methanogens •Food passage 24 hrs •Excrete 1013/day •Probiotics •Fecal transplant Respiratory Tract • Staphylococcus aureus • Streptococcus pneumoniae • S. pyogenes • Corynebacterium diphtheriae • Carrier Urogenital Tract Opportunistic Pathogens E. coli Virulence Invasiveness Toxicity Lactobacillus acidophilus Adherence • • • • • • Specific Adherence Capsule Slime Layer Glycocalyx Fimbriae Pili - longer Invasiveness • Colonization Factor Antigen • Invasion • Colonization • Iron- Siderophore • Bacteremia vs. Septicemia Enzymes & Toxins • • • • • • • • Coagulase Collagenase Exotoxins Cytolytic Toxins Hemolysins, Leukocidins Diphtheria Toxin Botulism Toxin Tetanus Toxin Tetanus Other Toxins Enterotoxin Cholera toxin Endotoxin – Pyrogen LD50 Virulence Factors Attenuated Strains Pyrogen free Products Virulence Factors Nonspecific Host Defense • • • • • Natural Resistance Age Stress Diet Anatomical Defenses • Skin, Stomach, Tears Compromised Hosts Inflammation Fever Nosocomial Infections Host-Parasite Word List Normal Flora Oral Cavity Flora Stomach – pH2 Pathogens Plaque Helicobacter pylori Infection Streptococcus spp Small Intestine Skin Flora Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium Dental Caries Streptococcus mutans Intestinal Tract Enterococci, Lactobacilli Large Intestine 1010- 1011 cells/gram Host-Parasite Word List 2 1010- 1011 cells/gram Bacteroides, Enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus Respiratory Tract Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Opportunistic Pathogens S. pyogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae Virulence Carrier Urogenital Tract Invasiveness, Toxicity Specific Adherence Host-Parasite Word List 3 Capsule, Glycocalyx, Slime Layer Invasion Colonization Fimbriae, Pili Iron – Siderophore Colonization Factor Antigen Bacteremia – Septicemia Enzymes & Toxins Coagulase, Collagenase Exotoxins Cytolytic Toxins Hemolysins, Leukocidins Host-Parasite Word List 4 Diphtheria Toxin Endotoxin Natural Resistance Botulism Toxin LD50 Age, Stress, Diet Tetanus Toxin Attenuated Enterotoxin Nonspecific Host Defenses Anatomical Defenses Cholera Toxin Natural Resistance Skin, Stomach, Tears Host-Parasite Word List 5 Compromised Host Inflammation Fever
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