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Digestion, Absorption and Transport Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Basic anatomy of the GI tract –mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus –lumen Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning GI Tract Anatomy Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Mouth –Tongue –Teeth •Mastication Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Teeth Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Esophagus –Esophageal sphincters –Bolus Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Stomach –Chyme –Pyloric sphincter Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Stomach Muscles Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Small intestine –Duodenum –Jejunum –Ileum Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Gallbladder • Pancreas Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion • Large intestine = colon –Ileocecal valve –Appendix • Rectum –Anus Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Muscular Action of Digestion • Peristalsis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Peristalsis & Segmentation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Muscular Action of Digestion • Stomach action Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Muscular Action of Digestion • Segmentation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Muscular Action of Digestion • Sphincter contractions –Reflux Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Catalysts –Hydrolysis –Digestive enzymes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Saliva –Salivary glands •Water, salts, mucus, enzymes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Stomach –Gastric juice –Gastric glands •Water, enzymes, hydrochloric acid (HCl) Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Stomach –Goblet cells •Mucus Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Pancreas –Pancreatic juice •Enzymes, bicarbonate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Liver –Bile •Emulsifier • Gallbladder Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Secretions of Digestion • Protective factors Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Final Stage • Stools • Colon –Fermentation of undigested residues Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion of a Sandwich Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestion of a Sandwich Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Absorption Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Absorption in the Small Intestine • Villi –Microvilli –Capillaries and lacteals –Chylomicrons • Crypts Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Small Intestinal Villi Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Small Intestinal Villi, cont’d Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Circulatory Systems • Vascular system –Heart –Arteries –Capillaries –Veins Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Circulatory Systems • Vascular system –Portal vein –Hepatic vein Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Liver Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Circulatory Systems • Lymphatic system –Lymph –Thoracic duct • Subclavian vein Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Regulation • Homeostasis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Regulation • Hormones –Gastrin –Secretin –Cholecystokinin = CCK –Gastric-inhibitory peptide = GIP Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestive Problems • Choking –Trachea –Larynx –Heimlich maneuver Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Heimlich Maneuver Digestive Problems • Vomiting • Diarrhea –Irritable bowel syndrome Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestive Problems • Constipation • Hemorrhoids • Diverticula –Diverticulosis –Diverticulitis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Diverticula in the Colon Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestive Problems • Belching • Gas • Hiccups Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestive Problems • Heartburn = gastroesophageal reflux –Antacids and acid controllers –Indigestion Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Gastroesophageal Reflux Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Digestive Problems • Ulcers –Peptic ulcer –Helicobactor pylorii infection –Use of certain anti-inflammatory drugs –Disorders that cause excessive acid secretion Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Strategies for GI Problems Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
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