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Digestive
System
Functions of the Digestive
System
1.
Ingestion = food
enters the mouth
Functions of the Digestive
System
1.
2.
Ingestion = food enters the
mouth
Digestion =
process that breaks
food down into
small molecules
Functions of the Digestive
System
1.
2.
Ingestion = food enters the
mouth
Digestion = process that
breaks food down into small
molecules
a) Mechanical
digestion = food is
chewed and churned
b) Chemical digestion =
breaks down large food
molecules into smaller
molecules to be
absorbed by cells
Functions of the Digestive
System
1.
2.
3.
Ingestion = food enters the
mouth
Digestion = process that
breaks food down into small
molecules
Absorption =
small molecules of
food are taken into
the body cells
Functions of the Digestive
System
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ingestion = food enters the
mouth
Digestion = process that
breaks food down into small
molecules
Absorption = small
molecules of food are taken
into the body cells
Elimination =
wastes made of
unabsorbed food
molecules pass out of the body
Which is not a function of
the digestive system?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
14
16
...
un
in
g
im
in
at
El
ng
ng
i
ha
C
15
0%
te
...
fo
o
g
or
bi
n
bs
A
13
0%
d.
..
0%
...
w
n
do
B
d)
0%
ki
ng
c)
re
a
b)
w
as
Breaking down food into
molecules the body can
use
Absorbing food
molecules into the blood
to deliver to the body
Changing waste into
molecules the body can
use
Eliminating undigested
waste from the body
a)
10
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
1.
Mouth = digestion starts here
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
1.
Mouth = digestion starts here
a) Tongue & teeth mechanically break
food up
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
1.
Mouth = digestion starts here
a) Tongue & teeth mechanically break
food up
b) Saliva chemically digests food
a) Saliva = mostly made of
water, also contains
mucus & ptyalin (an
enzyme)
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
1.
Mouth = digestion starts here
a) Tongue & teeth mechanically break
food up
b) Saliva chemically digests food
a) Saliva = mostly made of
water, also contains
mucus & ptyalin (an
enzyme)
c) When swallowing, epiglottis
(a small flap of tissue) automatically
closes over the trachea (windpipe)
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
2.
Esophagus
a) Smooth muscles force food into the
mucus-lined esophagus
b) Rhythmic muscular
contractions
(peristalsis) push food
downward
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
3.
Stomach
a) Food undergoes mechanical digestion
when stomach muscles churn the food
b) Chemical digestion
happens when hydrochloric
acid (HCl) and pepsin
break down the complex
proteins
c) Peristalsis pushes the food
toward stomach’s exit
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
...
Cl
b
le
s.
16
H
&
in
ps
th
Sm
oo
15
0%
us
c
br
ea
k
ng
ue
14
0%
Pe
g
11
To
Te
1
0%
in
...
...
0%
et
h
d)
ew
in
c)
ch
b)
m
Teeth chewing food
Tongue breaking up
food
Smooth muscles in
stomach churning
food
Pepsin & HCl
breaking down
proteins
a)
..
Which is not an example
of mechanical digestion?
10
What are the muscle contractions
that push food through the
digestive system called?
Elimination
Peristalsis
Epiglottis
Pepsin
a.
b.
c.
d.
0%
0%
0%
0%
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
ig
l
16
in
ps
Pe
ot
tis
s
ta
ls
i
ris
14
Ep
3
Pe
2
El
1
im
in
at
io
n
10
What is this structure?
Mouth
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Stomach
a)
b)
c)
d)
0%
0%
0%
0%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
h
St
om
ac
ha
g
op
16
Es
1
us
ot
tis
ig
l
Ep
M
ou
th
10
Participant Scores
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Small Intestine (6 meters long)
a) Most digestion happens here
b) Intestinal juice
(full of enzymes)
breaks down food
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Small Intestine (6 meters long)
a)
b)
Most digestion happens here
Intestinal juice (full of enzymes) breaks down food
c) Digestive Helpers
•
Liver = bile is
produced here (Bile
breaks up fats like
dish detergent
breaks up grease)
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Small Intestine (6 meters long)
a)
b)
Most digestion happens here
Intestinal juice (full of enzymes) breaks down food
c) Digestive Helpers
•
Liver = bile is produced
here (Bile breaks up fats
like dish detergent breaks
up grease)
•
Gall bladder = bile
is stored here until
released into the small intestine
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Small Intestine (6 meters long)
a)
b)
Most digestion happens here
Intestinal juice (full of enzymes) breaks down food
c) Digestive Helpers
•
•
•
Liver = bile is produced
here (Bile breaks up fats
like dish detergent breaks
up grease)
Gall bladder = bile is
stored here until released
into the small intestine
Pancreas = produces
pancreatic juices that
are released into the small intestine to break
down proteins,starches, & fats
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Small Intestine (6 meters long)
a)
b)
Most digestion happens here
Intestinal juice (full of
enzymes) breaks down food
c) Digestive Helpers
• Liver
• Gall bladder
• Pancreas
d) Digested food is
absorbed through the villi into a
network of blood vessels that carry the
nutrients to all parts of the body
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Small Intestine (6 meters long)
a)
b)
c)
Most digestion happens here
Intestinal juice (full of enzymes)
breaks down food
Digestive Helpers
•
d)
Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas
Digested food is absorbed
through the villi into a network of
blood vessels that carry the
nutrients to all parts of the body
e) By the time food leaves the small
intestine, it is empty of all nutrients
except water
Where does most
digestion take place?
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine
Liver
0%
Sm
al
M
St
om
ac
h
ou
th
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0%
16
0%
ve
r
d)
Li
c)
tin
...
b)
li
nt
es
a)
10
Which is true about bile?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0%
...
...
B
15
16
ea
s
re
l
is
ile
B
ile
is
ile
14
0%
st
or
ed
...
pr
od
uc
...
B
1
0%
B
ile
br
ea
d)
0%
do
c)
ks
b)
is
Bile breaks down
proteins.
Bile is produced in
the liver.
Bile is stored in
the pancreas.
Bile is released
into the stomach.
a)
10
What is this structure?
Liver
Stomach
Gall
bladder
Pancreas
a)
b)
c)
d)
0%
0%
0%
0%
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
s
r
re
a
nc
Pa
al
lb
la
d
de
h
15
G
1
St
om
ac
Li
ve
r
10
Participant Scores
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
5. Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)
a) Undigested food spends 18-24 hours
here & most of the water is absorbed
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)
a)
Undigested food spends 18-24 hours here & most of
the water is absorbed
b) Helpful bacteria
living in large
intestine make
vitamins K & B
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)
a)
b)
Undigested food spends 18-24 hours here & most of the
water is absorbed
Helpful bacteria living in
large intestine make vitamins
K&B
c) Materials not
absorbed form into
solid waste (dead
bacteria, some fat &
protein, undigested
food, dried out parts of
digestive juices & old intestinal cells)
Organs of the Digestive
Tract
4. Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)
a)
b)
c)
Undigested food spends 18-24 hours here & most of the water is
absorbed
Helpful bacteria living in large
intestine make vitamins K & B
Materials not absorbed form into
solid waste (dead bacteria,
some fat & protein, undigested
food, dried out parts of digestive
juices & old intestinal cells)
d) Solid waste passes
into the rectum and is stored until it is
eliminated from the body through the anus
Which process occurs in
the large intestine?
ab
de
d
ri
at
e
W
W
at
e
ri
s
s
ad
d
st
e
ig
e
so
r ..
.
...
0%
fo
o
...
nd
U
6%
...
0%
fo
od
d)
st
ed
c)
94%
ig
e
b)
Digested food is
absorbed.
Undigested food is
absorbed.
Water is added to
undigested food.
Water is absorbed
from undigested
food.
D
a)
Which structure is the
large intestine?
A
B
0%
6%
0%
C
D
D
d)
C
c)
94%
B
b)
A
B
C
D
A
a)
What do the bacteria in
the large intestine do?
11%
M
d
fo
o
e
ak
M
ak
e
M
ak
e
vi
ta
m
bi
le
in
s
0%
si
ck
0%
yo
u
d)
e
c)
you sick
bile
vitamins
food
ak
b)
Make
Make
Make
Make
M
a)
89%
Final Participant Scores
300
300
300
300
300
300
300