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Animal Digestion AGR Veterinary Science Credit the University of Kentucky for some of slides in the presentation for this class Types of Digestive Systems Monogastrics Chickens Pigs Ruminants Beef Cattle Hind Gut Fermentors Dairy Cattle Horses Turkeys Dogs Cats Goats Sheep Deer Rabbits Ostrich Digestive Tract - Pig Liver Pancreas Cecum Rectum Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Small intestine (jejunum, ileum) Colon Digestive Tract - Poultry Gall bladder Gizzard Liver Cecum Esophagus Crop Proventriculus Cloaca Pancreas Large intestine Duodenum Small intestine (jejunum, ileum) Specialized Poultry Organs Crop Gizzard Cloaca Proventriculus Digestive Process - Monogastrics Proteins Fats MOUTH Starch amylase Maltose STOMACH proteases Peptides SMALL INTESTINE amylase maltase bile salts lipases peptidases Amino acids = main site of absorption Fatty acids Glucose Digestive Tract – Beef Cattle Small intestine Rectum Rumen Pancreas Omasum Esophagus Large intestine Reticulum Cecum Liver Gall bladder Abomasum Digestive Process - Ruminants Nonprotein N (NPN) Feed proteins Cellulose Hemicellulose RUP RUMEN/ RETICULUM Carbohydrates Volatile fatty acids (VFA’s) Microbial protein (essential AA) LIVER Fats Starches Sugars Glucose Glucose OMASUM VFA’s ABOMASUM Microbial protein RUP Peptides SMALL INTESTINE Fats Peptides Amino acids = microbial action; RDP = rumen degraded protein; RUP = rumen undegraded protein; Glucose = main site of absorption Fatty acids & glycerol = some absorption Digestive Tract - Horse Rectum Cecum Small intestine Esophagus Stomach Small colon Large colon Duodenum Digestive Process – Hind Gut Fermentors Proteins Fats Cellulose Hemicellulose Starch MOUTH amylase Maltose STOMACH proteases Peptides SMALL INTESTINE amylase maltase bile salts lipases peptidases Amino acids Fatty acids Glucose LARGE INTESTINE VFA’s = microbial action = main site of absorption VFA’s Digestive System Comparisons Monogastric Ruminants Hind Gut Fermentors Very limited Yes Yes (large intestine) (rumen/reticulum) (large intestine) Yes No Yes (absorbed as glucose) (fermented to VFA’s) (absorbed as glucose) Utilize protein from feeds directly Yes Limited Yes Utilize fat from feeds directly Yes Utilize microbial protein No Function Digest and extract energy from cellulose Utilize dietary sugar sources directly (most converted to microbial protein) Some Yes (most fermented to VFA’s) Yes (60-80% of AA from microbes) No Digestive Tract Capacities Sheep/Goats Cattle Swine Horses 5-10 gal 55-60 gal ---- ---- Reticulum 1.5 qt 3-4 gal ---- ---- Omasum 1 pt 1-2 gal ---- ---- 1.5 qt 3-4 gal ---- ---- ---- ---- 2 gal 2-3 gal 2.5 gal 17-18 gal 2.5 gal 12-15 gal 85-90 ft 130 ft 60 ft 70 ft 1.5 gal 10 gal 3 gal 30-35 gal Rumen Abomasum Stomach Small intestine Small intestine length Large intestine
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