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Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos . . . fosters an adequate and balanced diet as well as desirable food and nutrition practices and healthy habits . . . are primary recommendations to promote good health through proper nutrition. Objectives of the NGF Increase the food and dietary energy intake of the average Filipinos Prevent nutritional deficiency diseases and nutrition-related chronic degenerative diseases Promote a healthy well-balanced diet Promote food safety Eat a variety of foods every day. Eat a variety of foods everyday • The human body needs more than 40 different nutrients for good health. • No single food can provide all the nutrients in the amounts needed. Mean one–day per capita food consumption, in grams, Philippines, 1978 - 2003 Food group and subgroup Consumption (gram), raw as purchased 1978 1982 1987 1993 2003 367 356 345 340 364 Starch roots and tubers 37 42 22 17 19 Sugars and syrups 19 22 24 19 24 Fats and oils 13 14 14 12 18 133 154 157 147 185 8 9 10 12 13 42 44 43 44 49 8 10 10 10 10 145 130 111 106 111 34 37 29 30 31 111 93 82 76 80 104 102 107 77 54 Vitamin C-rich 30 18 24 21 12 Other fruits 74 84 83 56 42 Miscellaneous 21 32 26 19 39 897 915 869 803 886 Cereals and cereal product Fish, meat and poultry Eggs Milk and milk products Dried beans, nuts and seeds Vegetables Green, leafy, yellow Other vegetables Fruits Total Source: National Nutrition Surveys: 1978-2003, FNRI Mean One-Day Per Capita Energy and Nutrient Adequacy, 2003 Nutrient Intake % Adequacy 1905 98.3 Protein (g) 56.2 99.2 Iron (g) 10.1 Calcium (g) 0.44 Energy (kcal) Retinol Eq. (g) 60.1 57.1 455.2 Thiamin (mg) 0.88 Riboflavin 0.73 Niacin (mg) 20.6 Ascorbic Acid (mg) 46.5 Source: National Nutrition Surveys, FNRI, 2003 91.4 86.3 68.0 75.0 Breastfeed infants exclusively from birth up to 6 months, and then, give appropriate foods while continuing breastfeeding. Breastfeeding practices Any breastfeeding - 87% Median duration - any breastfeeding - 14.1 months - exclusive breastfeeding - 0.8 months Source: National Demographic and Health Surveys, 2003 Breastfeeding status Less than 6 months 6 to 9 months Not breastfeeding 19.7 32.7 Exclusive breastfeeding 33.5 1.0 Breastfeeding + water only 18.4 4.4 Breastfeeding + waterbased liquid or juice 3.4 1.0 Breastfeeding + other milk 13.3 3.1 Breastfeeding + complementary feeding 11.8 57.9 Source: National Demographic and Health Surveys, 2003 Reasons for not breastfeeding Percent Not have enough milk 31 Mother is working 17 Nipple or breast problem 17 Child is ill 11 Mother is ill Source: National Demographic and Health Surveys, 2003 9 BREAST/OTHER MILK FEEDING PRACTICES FOR CHILDREN 0-6 MONTHS OLD, MARCH, JUNE AND SEP 2008 (Base: Families with children below 3 years old) Mar ‘08 Breastfeeding only Mostly breastfed, partially other milk Equally breastmilk/other milk Mostly other milk, partially breastfed Other milk only 44% 9 12 9 21 Jun ‘08 49% 13 9 7 19 Sep ‘08 50% 13 9 8 17 Note: Non-responses are not shown. Q. KUNG “OO”: Pag-usapan po natin ang pinakamatanda sa mga bata na wala pa sa 3 taong gulang. Noong ang bata ay edad 0-6 months old siya po ba ay....? Third Quarter 2008 Social Weather Report September 24-27, 2008 National Survey BREAST/OTHER MILK FEEDING PRACTICES OF CHILDREN 0-6 MONTHS OLD, BY AREA AND LOCALE, SEP 2008 (Base: 27% with children below 3 years old) RP Breastfeeding only 50% Mostly breastfed, partially other milk 13 Equally breastmilk/other milk 9 Mostly other milk, partially breastfed 8 Given other milk only 17 BAL NCR LUZ VIS MIN 29% 43% 59% 10 14 17 10 12 7 22 22 9 19 2 15 67% URBAN RURAL 35% 69% 9 7 16 13 10 5 3 11 13 21 2 12 Note: Non-responses are not shown. Q. KUNG “OO”: Pag-usapan po natin ang pinakamatanda sa mga bata na wala pa sa 3 taong gulang. Noong ang bata ay edad 0-6 months old siya po ba ay....? Third Quarter 2008 Social Weather Report September 24-27, 2008 National Survey Maintain your children’s normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth regularly. Updates • New WHO Child Growth Standards for Children 0-5 years was adopted for use through NNC Governing Board Resolution No. 2, S. 2008 (June 27, 2008) – Full implementation by 2009 – DOH, DSWD and DILG to issue agency policy instruments • New tables and charts have been developed • Ceremonial adoption in November • Orientations and trainings at local level in 2009 Consume fish, lean meat, poultry or dried beans. Improving the Filipino diet • Fish, lean meat, poultry without skin, and dried beans are low in saturated fats, which are linked to heart disease Eat more vegetables, fruits and root crops. Recommendation • Eat 4-5 servings of fruits and vegetables every day • Example of a serving: – 1 med-sized banana – 1 slice of papaya – ½ cup cooked leafy vegetable Eat foods cooked in edible/ cooking oil daily. Fat and oil consumption • Filipinos use very little oil in cooking • Total consumption of fats and oils in Filipino diet is low • Low fat and oil consumption may: – Result to chronic energy deficiency – Contribute to VADD among Filipinos Fats and oils • Concentrated sources of energy • Increases energy content of food without increasing its quantity • Enhances flavor of meals • Facilitates absorption and utilization of fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A Fats and oils • Source of essential fatty acids • Help prevent chronic energy deficiency (CED) • Lower risk of VADD • Excessive consumption of saturated fats and oils may increase risk of heart disease Recommendations • Stir-fry foods in vegetable oil or add fats and oils if possible in food preparation • Choose the right fats and oils to prevent heart disease, e.g. poly/monounsaturated fats Consume milk, milk products and other calcium-rich foods such as small fish and dark green leafy vegetables every day. Calcium consumption • Nutrition surveys indicate that Filipinos fail to meet dietary recommendation for calcium • Adequate consumption of calcium prevents osteoporosis Role of Calcium • Makes skeleton dense and strong • Essential for normal growth of skeleton and teeth • Regulates heartbeat and muscle contraction Milk and milk products • Good sources of highly absorbable calcium, protein, vitamin A • Rich in riboflavin, vitamin B12 and phosphorus Other sources of calcium • Fish – Small ones eaten with bones like dilis, sardines • Soy bean curd (tokwa or tofu) • Small shrimps (alamang) • Green leafy vegetables – Malunggay leaves, saluyot, alugbati, mustasa Use iodized salt, but avoid excessive intake of salty foods. Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in selected population groups, 1998 and 2003 35.8 Prevalence (%) 40 23.7 18 20 11 0 1998 2003 Source: National Nutrition Surveys, FNRI, 1998-2003 Children 6-12 yrs Pregnant Lactating Preventing IDD 1. Eat iodine-rich foods such as seafood and seaweed 2. Use iodized salt but limit intake to 5 grams per day (WHO recommendation) Eat clean and safe foods. Food safety “All conditions and measures that are necessary during the production, processing, storage, distribution and preparation of food to ensure that food is safe, sound, wholesome and fit for human consumption.” - WHO-FAO Food safety concerns 1. Microbiological contamination • Staphylococcus aureus in hotdog, noodles, assorted cooked food • Escerichia coli in assorted cooked food • Salmonella in noodles and peanut butter • Molds and yeast in cakes Food safety concerns 2. Presence of food contaminants • Aflatoxin in peanuts, corn grits • 3-MCPD in soy sauce • Presence of foreign matter and filth • Allergens in hotcake mix • Histamine in marine products • Heavy metals in herbal food supplements Food safety concerns 3. Use of non-permissible food additives • Borax, potassium bromate, sodium cyclamate, food color • Melamine in milk 4. Use of food additives beyond allowable limits • Sodium nitrite, Sodium nitrate, Sulfur dioxide, conjac on jelly Actions taken by BFAD • Continuous assessment of GMP and HACCP to check compliance • Continuous development of food standards • Requiring manufacturers to include label warning re: reaction to a certain ingredient • Issuance of cease and desist orders to violators Clean and safe foods • Buy foods that are safe – Purchase from reliable sources • Foods should be kept clean at all stages – from production to consumption • Practice food safety Preventing food-borne diseases 1. Practice good personal hygiene. 2. Drink safe water. 3. Practice good housekeeping 4. Clean and sanitize environment. Practice pest control. 5. Handle food safely. 6. Read food labels. For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. Ten leading causes of mortality, 2004 Cause Rate per 100,000 Population Percent of total deaths 1. Heart diseases 84.8 17.6 2. Vascular system diseases 61.8 12.8 3. Malignant neoplasm 48.5 10.1 4. Accidents 41.3 8.6 5. Pneumonia 38.4 8.0 6. Tuberculosis, all forms 31.0 6.4 7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality 25.5 5.3 8. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 22.7 4.7 9. Diabetes Mellitus 19.8 4.1 10. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 15.8 3.6 Source: DOH website (www.doh.gov.ph/kp/statistics/mortality) What is a healthy lifestyle? • • Healthy diet No smoking • • Regular physical activity • Stress management Moderate alcohol consumption HL to the MAXX 1. 2. 3. 4. No smoking (Huwag Manigarilyo) Don’t drink alcohol (Iwas Alak) No to illegal drugs (Talo Ka sa Droga) Eat low-fat, low-salt, high-fiber diet (Wastong Pagkain) 5. Prevent hypertension (Bantay Presyon) 6. Do physical activity (Katawang Aktibo) 7. Manage Stress (Bawas Stress) Eat a variety of foods every day. Breastfeed infants exclusively from birth to 6 months, and then, give appropriate foods while continuing breastfeeding. Maintain your children’s normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth regularly. Consume fish, lean meat, poultry or dried beans. Eat more vegetables, fruits and root crops. Eat foods cooked in edible/cooking oil in your daily meals. Consume milk, milk products and other calcium-rich foods such as small fish and dark green leafy vegetables every day. Use iodized salt, but avoid excessive intake of salty foods. Eat clean and safe foods. For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.