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Nutrition
Term
Explanation
Starvation
Not eating enough food to meet energy and nutrient
needs.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition is imperfect nutrition; not eating enough
or over-eating.
Obesity
Anorexia
Cholesterol;
Too much cholesterol
in the blood can
increase your risk of
heart problems.
Halitosis;
To describe
noticeably bad
breath.
Eating more food than we require results in extra
energy stored as fat.
Not eating enough food to meet their needs;
associated with teenage girls.
Cholesterol is a fatty substance which is found in the
blood. To help reduce your cholesterol level, you need
to cut down on saturated fats and instead use
unsaturated fats such as olive, rapeseed or sunflower
oils and spreads. You should also reduce the total
amount of fat you eat.
The intensity of bad breath differs during the day,
due to eating certain foods (such as garlic, onions,
meat, fish, and cheese), obesity, smoking, and alcohol
consumption.
Term
Type 2 diabetes
* In type 1 diabetes
the beta cells in the
pancreas stop making
insulin.
Osteoporosis
The cells which break
down old bone
(osteoclasts) and cells
which build new bone
(osteoblasts) require
proteins and minerals,
which are absorbed
from the bloodstream.
Explanation
The 'first-line' treatment is diet, weight
control and physical activity; you do not make
enough insulin or the cells in your body do not
use insulin properly.
Healthy bones are very dense, and the spaces
inside the bones are small. In bone affected by
osteoporosis, the spaces are larger, and this
makes the bones weaker, less elastic and more
likely to break Bone is a living tissue that is
constantly repairing itself. This process is
called bone turnover.
A balanced diet
A balanced diet provides all the necessary nutrients in
the appropriate proportions and quantities to meet our
needs.
It is important to eat a variety of foods to supply a
range of nutrients.
Carbohydrates in the form of starchy foods such as
bread, pasta, cereals and potatoes should be a major
part of a balanced diet. We should also aim to eat at
least five portions of fruit or vegetables each day.
Recommendations
Our energy and nutrient requirements vary according to our age,
sex, body size and levels of activity. Since everyone is different, it
is very difficult to be specific about individual requirements.
Nutrient
Example
Complex
carbohydrates
Eat lots; all types bread and grain e.g. oats,
barley, rye. Other cereals e.g. breakfast
cereal, pasta, rice, noodles.
Protein foods
Eat moderate amounts and choose lower-fat
versions; meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts,
seeds, beans and lentils. Milk, cheese, yogurt
and fromage frais.
Fruit and
vegetables
Fatty and sugary
foods
Eat lots; fresh, frozen and canned fruit and
vegetables and dried fruit.
Eat sparingly; margarine, low-fat spread,
butter, cooking oils, oily salad dressings,
cream, chocolate, crisps, biscuits, cake etc.