Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Pancreatitis Unsha Bakker Albert Espinal Kristie Pimentel Cindy De la Rosa PERIOD 9 - CRULL What is the pancreas? The pancreas is a gland organ located in the digestive and endocrine system. It produces several hormones including insulin, glucagon, and secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that can go to the small intestine. As pancreatic juices are created, they go into the main pancreatic duct. The duct connects the pancreas to the liver and gallbladder. These enzymes aid the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat in the chyme. Pancreatitis • Pancreatitis is inflammation or infection of the pancreas. When the pancreas is inflamed, the enzymes inside it attack and damage the tissues that produce them. • Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Either form is serious and can lead to complications. • In severe cases, bleeding, infection, and permanent tissue damage may occur. • Symptoms • • • • • • • • • • • • Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain Chills Clammy skin Fatty stools Fever Mild jaundice Nausea Sweating Weakness Weight loss Vomiting Acute Pancreatitis • • • • • • Acute pancreatitis is when the pancreas swells or is in the state of inflammation. This occurs suddenly and usually slows down within a few days of treatment. Each year, about 210,000 people in the United States are admitted to the hospital with acute pancreatitis. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is the existence of gallstones—small, pebble-like substances made of hardened bile—that cause inflammation in the pancreas as they pass through the common bile duct. Acute pancreatitis can occur within hours or as long as 2 days after consuming alcohol. Other causes of acute pancreatitis include abdominal trauma, medications, infections, tumors, and genetic abnormalities of the pancreas. Symptoms and Treatments • Gradual or sudden pain in the upper abdomen that sometimes extends through the back. • The pain may be mild at first and feel worse after eating. • Other symptoms may include • a swollen and tender abdomen • nausea and vomiting • fever • a rapid pulse • Severe acute pancreatitis may cause dehydration and low blood pressure. • The heart, lungs, or kidneys can fail. If bleeding occurs in the pancreas, shock and even death may follow. •Few days’ stay in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and medication to relieve pain. •The person cannot eat or drink so the pancreas can rest. •If vomiting occurs, the person may need a tube to be placed through the nose and into the stomach in order to get rid of fluid and air. •Before leaving the hospital, the person is usually advised not to smoke, drink alcoholic beverages, or eat fatty meals. • In some cases, the cause of the pancreatitis is highly detected but in others, more tests are needed after the person is released from the hospital and the pancreas is healed. Chronic Pancreatitis • • • • • • • Inflammation of the pancreas that does not heal or improve and over time usually leads to permanent damage. Occurs when digestive enzymes attack the pancreas and nearby tissues, which causes pain. Often develops in people who are between the ages of 30 and 40. The most common cause of is many years of heavy alcohol use. Can be triggered by one acute attack that damages the pancreatic duct. The damaged duct causes the pancreas to become inflamed. Scar tissue develops and the pancreas slowly destroys itself. Symptoms and Treatments •Experience upper abdominal pain, although some people may have no pain at all •The pain may spread to the back, feel worse when eating or drinking, and become constant and disabling. •In some cases, abdominal pain goes away as the condition worsens, most likely because the pancreas is no longer making digestive enzymes. •Other symptoms include •nausea •vomiting •weight loss •diarrhea •oily stools • People may lose weight, even when their appetite and eating habits are normal. •The weight loss occurs because the body does not secrete enough pancreatic enzymes to digest food, so nutrients are not absorbed normally. •Poor digestion leads to malnutrition due to •May require hospitalization for pain management, IV hydration, and nutritional support. •Feedings may be necessary for several weeks if the person continues to lose weight. • If the pancreas does not secrete enzymes on its own, the doctor may prescribe synthetic pancreatic enzymes. •The enzymes should be taken with every meal to help the person digest food and regain some weight. • A nutritious diet is then required, low in fat/ small frequent meals •Drinking plenty of fluids with the limitation of caffeinated beverages • Advised not to smoke or consume alcoholic beverages •Surgery may be necessary to remove part of the pancreas. Avoiding Pancreatitis • • • • • • • • • • Do not consume dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, and ice cream), wheat (gluten), soy, corn, preservatives, and chemical food additives. Eat foods high in B-vitamins and iron, such as whole grains, dark leafy greens (such as spinach and kale), and sea vegetables. Eat antioxidant foods, including fruits (such as blueberries, cherries, and tomatoes), and vegetables (such as squash and bell pepper). Avoid refined foods, such as white breads, pastas, and sugar. Eat fewer red meats and more lean meats, cold-water fish, tofu or beans for protein. Use healthy oils for cooking, such as olive oil or vegetable oil. Eliminate consumption of trans-fatty acids, found in commercially baked goods such as cookies, crackers, cakes, French fries, onion rings, donuts, processed foods, and margarine. Avoid coffee, alcohol, and tobacco. Drink 6 - 8 glasses of filtered water everyday. Exercise moderately for 30 minutes daily, 5 days a week.