Download Engineering Electromagnetics

Nathan Ida
Engineering
Electromagnetics
With 821 Illustrations
Springer
Contents
Preface
Vector Algebra
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Scalars and Vectors
1.3
Products of Vectors
1.4
Definition of Fields
1.5
Systems of Coordinates
1.6
Position Vectors
vu
1
1
2
13
25
29
47
Vector Calculus
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Integration of Scalar and Vector Functions
2.3
Differentiation of Scalar and Vector Functions
2.4
Conservative and Nonconservative Fields
2.5
Null Vector Identities and Classification of Vector Fields
57
57
58
73
106
108
Coulomb's Law and the Electric Field
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Charge and Charge Density
3.3
Coulomb's Law
3.4 The Electric Field Intensity
3.5
The Electric Flux Density: An Initial Definition
3.6
Applications
3.7
Experiments
121
121
122
126
132
155
158
163
Gauss's Law and the Electric Potential
4.1
Introduction
4.2
The Electrostatic Field: Postulates
4.3
Gauss's Law
4.4 The Electric Potential
173
173
173
178
190
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XIV
CONTENTS
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
Materials in the Electric Field
Interface Conditions
Capacitance
Energy in the Electrostatic Field: Point and Distributed Charges
Applications
Experiments
206
223
231
245
260
265
5 Boundary Value Problems: Analytic Methods of Solution
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Poisson's Equation for the Electrostatic Field
5.3 Laplace's Equation for the Electrostatic Field
5.4 Solution Methods
5.5 Experiments: The Method of Images
283
283
284
285
286
340
6 Boundary Value Problems: Numerical (Approximate) Methods
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The General Idea of Numerical Solutions
6.3 The Finite Difference Method: Solution to the Laplace
and Poisson Equations
6.4 The Method of Moments: An Intuitive Approach
6.5 The Finite-Element Method: Introduction
353
353
355
7 The
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
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417
418
419
428
433
437
443
449
454
459
Steady Electric Current
Introduction
Conservation of Charge
Conductors, Dielectrics, and Lossy Dielectrics
Ohm's Law
Power Dissipation and Joule's Law
The Continuity Equation and Kirchhoffs Current Law
Current Density as a Field
Interface Conditions for Current Density
Applications
Experiments
8 The Static Magnetic Field
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field Intensity,
and Magnetic Flux Density
8.3 The Biot-Savart Law
8.4 Ampere's Law
8.5 Magnetic Flux Density and Magnetic Flux
8.6 Postulates of the Static Magnetic Field
8.7 Potential Functions
8.8 Applications
8.9 Experiments
356
373
389
471
471
472
476
486
493
496
499
511
512
CONTENTS
XV
9 Magnetic Materials and Properties
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Magnetic Properties of Materials
9.3 Magnetic Interface Conditions
9.4 Inductance and Inductors
9.5 Energy Stored in the Magnetic Field
9.6 Magnetic Circuits
9.7 Forces in the Magnetic Field
9.8 Torque
9.9 Applications
9.10 Experiments
525
525
528
553
559
573
586
592
606
609
612
10 Faraday's Law and Induction
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Faraday's Law
10.3 Lenz'sLaw
10.4 Motional Electromotive Force: The dc Generator
10.5 Induced emf due to Transformer Action
......
10.6 Combined Motional and Transformer Action Electromotive Force . . . . .
10.7 The Transformer
10.8 Eddy Currents
10.9 Applications
10.10 Experiments
629
629
631
633
634
641
643
652
661
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673
11 Maxwell's Equations
11.1 Introduction: The Electromagnetic Field
11.2 Maxwell's Equations
11.3 Time-Dependent Potential Functions
11.4 Interface Conditions for the Electromagnetic Field
11.5 Particular Forms of Maxwell's Equations
687
687
689
697
703
711
12 Electromagnetic Waves and Propagation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Wave
12.3 The Electromagnetic Wave Equation and Its Solution
12.4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
12.5 The Poynting Theorem and Electromagnetic Power Density
12.6 The Complex Poynting Vector
12.7 Propagation of Waves in Materials
12.8 Polarization of Plane Waves
12.9 Applications
12.10 Experiments
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725
725
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760
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793
795
13 Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Reflection and Transmission at a General Dielectric Interface:
Normal Incidence
807
807
809
XVI
CONTENTS
13.3 Reflection and Transmission at an Interface: Oblique Incidence on
a Conductor
13.4 Oblique Incidence on Dielectric Interfaces
13.5 Reflection and Transmission for Layered Materials at Normal Incidence . .
13.6 Applications
13.7 Experiments
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839
856
863
866
14 Theory of Transmission Lines
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Transmission Line
14.3 Transmission Line Parameters
14.4 The Transmission Line Equations
14.5 Types of Transmission Lines
14.6 The Field Approach to Transmission Lines
14.7 Finite Transmission Lines
14.8 Power Relations on a General Transmission Line
14.9 Resonant Transmission Line Circuits
14.10 Applications
14.11 Experiment
877
877
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882
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895
904
909
928
931
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939
15 The
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
953
953
954
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967
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988
Smith Chart, Impedance Matching, and Transmission Line Circuits
Introduction
The Smith Chart
The Smith Chart as an Admittance Chart
Impedance Matching and the Smith Chart
Quarter-Wavelength Transformer Matching
Experiments
16 Transients on Transmission Lines
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Propagation of Narrow Pulses on Finite, Lossless Transmission Lines . . . .
16.3 Propagation of Narrow Pulses on Finite, Distortionless
Transmission Lines
16.4 Transients on Transmission Lines: Long Pulses
16.5 Transients on Transmission Lines: Finite-Length Pulses
16.6 Reflections from Discontinuities
16.7 Transients on Lines with Reactive Loading
16.8 Initial Condition on Line
16.9 Experiments
17 Waveguides
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The Concept of a Waveguide
17.3 Transverse Electromagnetic, Transverse Electric,
and Transverse Magnetic Waves
17.4 TE Propagation in Parallel Plate Waveguides
17.5 TM Propagation in Parallel Plate Waveguides
997
997
998
1002
1007
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1018
1023
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CONTENTS
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.10
17.11
17.12
TEM Waves in Parallel Plate Waveguides
Rectangular Waveguides
Other Waveguides
Cavity Resonators
Energy Relations in a Cavity Resonator
Quality Factor of a Cavity Resonator
Applications
XVII
1072
1073
1097
1097
1105
1106
1106
18 Antennas and Electromagnetic Radiation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Electromagnetic Radiation and Radiation Safety
18.3 Antennas
18.4 The Electric Dipole
18.5 Properties of Antennas
18.6 The Magnetic Dipole
18.7 Practical Antennas
18.8 Antenna Arrays
18.9 Reciprocity and Receiving Antennas
18.10 Effective Aperture
18.11 The Radar
18.12 OtherAntennas
18.13 Applications
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1122
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1188
1193
1193
Answers
1203
Index
1215