Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Thoracic (T 10 )
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Gross Brain Structures I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Spinal Cord Brainstem Diencephalon Cerebral Cortex Ventricles CSF Blood-CSF Barrier Fall 2012 Spinal Cord 8 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 1 Coccygeal Spinal Cord Dorsolateral Sulcus Dorsointermediate Sulcus Dorsal Median Sulcus (Dorsal, in situ) Cervical Segment C8 Dorsal Median Sulcus Dorsointermediate Sulcus Dorsolateral Sulcus Ventrolateral Sulcus Ventral Median Fissure Thoracic Segment T10 Dorsal Median Sulcus Dorsolateral Sulcus Ventrolateral Sulcus Ventral Median Fissure Thoracic (T10) Dorsal Horn Lateral Horn Ventral Horn Thoracic Gray Matter (T10) Lissauer’s Tract Substantia Gelatinosa Nucleus Proprius IML VH Clarke’s Nucleus Cervical Enlargement (C8) DREZ FC LCST FG STT Thoracic (T10) DREZ FG LCST STT Medulla Olive Pyramid Ventral Median Fissure Pyramidal Decussation Ventral Medulla CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII Olive Ventrolateral Pons Basilar Pons Basilar Sulcus Ventral Pons CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII Ventral Pons CN VII CN V CN VIII Ventrolateral CN VI Midbrain Interpeduncular Fossa CN III Crus Cerebri Ventral Midbrain CN III Interpeduncular Fossa Ventral Crus Cerebri Midbrain Superior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus CN III Crus Cerebri Lateral Midbrain Superior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus CN IV Dorsal Diencephalon Interventricular Foramen Lamina Terminalis Mid-sagittal Posterior Commissure 3rd Ventricle Diencephalon Thalamus MI Hypothalamus Mid-sagittal Pineal Gland Diencephalon Tuber Cinereum Mamillary Body Optic Chiasm Infundibulum Mid-sagittal Select Cortical Areas Functional Designation Brodmann’s Anatomical Name Primary Motor Cortex Area 4 Precentral Gyrus Premotor Cortex Area 6 (lateral) Sup/Mid Frontal Gyri Frontal Eye Fields Area 8 Middle Frontal Gyrus Supplementary Motor Area Area 6 (medial) Sup. Frontal Gyrus Broca’s Area Areas 44 & 45 Inf. Frontal Gyrus Primary Somatosensory Cx Area 3,1,2 Postcentral Gyrus Unimodal SS Assoc. Cx Areas 5 & 7 Sup. Parietal Lobule Multimodal SS Assoc. Cx Areas 5 & 7 Sup. Parietal Lobule Primary Visual Cortex Area 17 Banks Calcarine Sulcus Primary Auditory Cortex Areas 41 & 42 Transverse Temp. Gyrus Wernicke’s Area Area 22 Surrounds BA41 & 42 Cerebral Hemispheres Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Lateral – Right Hemisphere Frontal Lobe Frontal Lobe Central Sulcus Interhemispheric Fissure Frontal Pole Lateral Fissure Frontal Lobe Precentral Gyrus Superior Frontal Gyrus Middle Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Parietal Lobe Postcentral Gyrus Superior Parietal Lobule Inferior Parietal Lobule Lateral Lateral Fissure Occipital Lobe ParietoOccipital Sulcus Upper bank Calcarine Sulcus Lower bank Medial Temporal Lobe Lateral Middle Temporal Gyrus Inferior Temporal Gyrus Lateral Fissure Superior Temporal Gyrus Temporal Lobe Superior Temporal Gyrus Transverse Temporal Gyri of Heschl Horizontal cut Temporal Lobe Inferior Temporal Gyrus Occipitotemporal Gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus Inferior Limbic Lobe Cingulate Gyrus Fornix Medial Septum Pellucidum Uncus Parahippocampal Gyrus Limbic Lobe Uncus Parahippocampal Gyrus Occipitotemporal Gyrus Inferior Limbic Lobe Fornix Hippocampal Formation Inferior Internal Capsule Anterior Limb Genu Horizontal cut Posterior Limb Corpus Callosum B G R S Commissures Anterior Commissure Lamina Terminalis Mid-sagittal Posterior Commissure 3rd Ventricle Basal Ganglia Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus Thalamus Horizontal cut Ventricular System Ependymal Cells • Ciliated, cuboidal epithelium • Lines ventricles of CNS • Discontinuous basal lamina allows for movement of material between CSF and brain rather easily Choroid Plexus • Specialized ependymal cells • Produce and secrete CSF into ventricular spaces of brain Choroid Plexus Choroid Plexus Distribution Choroid Plexus in Body and Anterior Horn of Lateral Ventricle Glomus in Atrium Choroid Plexus in Third Ventricle Choroid Plexus in Inferior Horn of Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus in Fourth Ventricle Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • Choroid plexus produces 75% of all CSF • Rate of 500-700 ml/day (0.3-0.4 ml/hour) • Total volume replaced 3-4 times/day • Normal volume is about 140 ml (80-150) • Ventricles contain about 30 ml • Remainder in subarachnoid spaces CSF Composition • • • • Clear and colorless Virtually acellular (0-5 WBC/mm3) Nearly isotonic with plasma CSF has minimal protein (15-45 mg/dl), lower glucose (60-80% of plasma), higher Na+, Cland Mg++ and lower K+ and Ca++ than plasma • Most resembles aqueous humor of eye Blood-Brain-Barrier Nonfenestrated ca pillary endothelium Astrocyte f oot processes Tight junc tion PLASMA BM Choroid plexus epitheliu m CEREBR OSPINAL FLUID Spotty tight junc tion Tight junc tion ECF BRAIN TISSUE BM BM Meningeal cell proc ess La teral PLASMA interdigitations Closed fenestration Endothelial cell Blood-CSF-Barrier Sites Where Blood-BrainBarrier is Lacking
Related documents