Download Middle Cranial Fossa

LAB PRELUDE
BLOCK 3 – 2011-12
ANATOMY OF SKULL
Skull Views
• Superior – Norma verticalis
• Inferior – Norma basalis
• Posterior – Norma occipitalis
• Anterior – Norma frontalis
• Lateral – Norma lateralis
Norma Verticalis
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Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Bregma
Lambda
Parietal foramen
Inner Calvaria
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Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Frontal sinus
Groove for superior sagittal
sinus
• Groove for middle meningeal
artery
• Granular foveolae
Norma Basalis
• Anterior part
• Middle part
• Posterior part
Norma Basalis - Anterior
• Alveolar process of maxilla
• Palatine process of maxilla
• Horizontal plate of palatine
bone
• Incisive foramen
• Greater palatine foramen
• Lesser palatine foramen
Norma Basalis - Middle
• Vomer
• Pharyngeal tubercle
• Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Medial & Lateral plates / Fossa /
Hamulus
Norma Basalis - Middle
• Foramen ovale
• Foramen lacerum
• Foramen spinosum / Spine • Carotid canal
of sphenoid
Norma Basalis - Posterior
• Occipital condyles
• Styloid process of
temporal bone
• Mastoid process
• External occipital
protuberance (inion)
• Nuchal lines
• Superior
• Inferior
Norma Basalis - Posterior
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Foramen magnum
Jugular foramen
Stylomastoid foramen
Condylar canal
Mastoid foramen
Norma Occipitalis
• Parietal bones
• Occipital bone
• External occipital
protuberance (inion)
• Nuchal lines
• Superior
• Inferior
Norma Occipitalis
• Lambdoid suture
• Asterion
• Mastoid foramen
Norma Frontalis
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Orbit (area)
Superciliary arch
Glabella
Nasion
Orbit
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Orbital plate of frontal bone
Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Sphenoid bone
Orbital surface of maxilla
Frontal process of maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Orbit
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Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Optic canal
Lacrimal fossa (inside)
Infraorbital groove
(becomes canal)
• Infraorbital canal (exits as
foramen)
• Infraorbital foramen
• Supraorbital foramen
Orbit – Medial Wall
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Lateral view – right orbit
Lacrimal fossa
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Optic canal
Foramen rotundum
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Norma Frontalis
• Anterior nasal aperture
• Supraorbital, infraorbital and
mental foramina
• Alveolar process of maxilla
• Anterior nasal spine
Nasal Cavity – Septal Wall
• Perpendicular plate of
ethmoid bone
• Cribriform plate of
ethmoid bone
• Vomer
• Septal cartialge
Nasal Cavity – Septal Wall
• Frontal air sinus
• Sphenoid air sinus
• Incisive canal
Nasal Cavity – Lateral Wall
• Frontal process of
maxilla
• Lacrimal bone
• Superior concha of
ethmoid bone
• Middle concha of
ethmoid bone
• Inferior concha
• Medial pterygoid plate
Nasal Cavity – Lateral Wall
• Sphenoethmoidal recess
• Sphenoid sinus
• Superior meatus (below
concha)
• Posterior ethmoid air cells
• Middle meatus (below
concha)
• Anterior and middle ethmoid
air cells
• Frontal sinus
• Maxillary sinus
• Inferior meatus (below
concha)
• Nasolacrimal duct
• Choana
• Sphenopalatine foramen
Norma Lateralis
• Temporal lines
• Superior
• Inferior
• Temporal fossa (depression
on side of skull)
• Zygomatic arch
• External acoustic meatus
• Styloid process of temporal
bone
• Mastoid process
• Ramus of mandible
Temporal Fossa
• Zygomatic arch
• Temporal lines
• Frontozygomatic
process
• Supramastoid crest
Temporal Fossa
• Pterion
• 4.0 cm superior to arch
• 3.5 cm posterior to
frontozygomatic process
• Landmark for ramus of
middle meningeal
artery
Infratemporal Fossa
• Roof
• Greater wing of sphenoid
bone
• Squamous temporal
• Medial
• Lateral pterygoid plate
• Anterior
• Maxilla
• Communicates with
pterygopalatine fossa via
pterygomaxillary fissure
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Mandible - Lateral
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Ramus
Angle
Notch
Coronoid process
Condyloid process
Head
Body
Mental foramen
Mandible - Anterior
• Mental foramen
• Mental protuberance
• Alveolar process
Mandible - Interior
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Mandibular foramen
Lingula
Mylohyoid line
Genial tubercle (mental spine)
Cranial Fossae
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
Anterior Cranial Fossa
• Orbital plate of frontal bone
• Cribriform plate of ethmoid
bone
• Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
• Body of sphenoid
Anterior Cranial Fossa
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Crista galli of ethmoid bone
Frontal sinus
Anterior clinoid process
Optic groove
Optic canal
Middle Cranial Fossa
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Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Anterior clinoid process
Chiasmatic sulcus
Petrous temporal
Dorsum sellae of sphenoid
bone
Middle Cranial Fossa
• Squamous temporal bone
• Parietal bone
• Greater wing of sphenoid bone
Middle Cranial Fossa
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Sella turcica (TS + HF)
Tuberculum sellae
Hypophysial fossa
Dorsum sellae
Cresent of Foramina/Sphenoid Bone
Posterior
Superior
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Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Lesser wing
Pterygoid canal
Middle Cranial Fossa
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Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Lingula of sphenoid bone
Foramen lacerum
Middle Cranial Fossa
• Carotid groove
• Hiatus for greater petrosal
nerve
• Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve
Posterior Cranial Fossa
• Body of sphenoid
• Basioccipital portion of occipital
bone
• Petrous temporal
• Mastoid temporal
• Internal occipital crest
• Internal occipital protruberance
Posterior Cranial Fossa
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Foramen magnum
Jugular foramen
Internal acoustic meatus
Hypoglossal canal
Skull Foramina
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
Anterior ethmoidal n/a/v
Carotid canal
Internal carotid a.; carotid sympathetic
plexus
Condyloid canal
Emissary vein from sigmoid sinus
External acoustic meatus
Air
Skull Foramina
Foramen cecum
Emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus
Foramen lacerum
Fibrocartilage; meningeal branch of
ascending pharyngeal a.; emissary
veins to cavernous sinus
Foramen magnum
Medulla; meninges; spinal roots of
accessory n.; vertebral a; ant. & post.
spinal aa.; tectorial membrane; alar
ligaments
Skull Foramina
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Mandibular division of trigeminal n.;
accessory meningeal a.; lesser
petrosal n.
Maxillary division of trigeminal n.
Foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal a/v; recurrent
(meningeal) branch of mandibular n.
Foramen of Vesalius
Emissary vein
Skull Foramina
Foramina of cribriform plate
Fila of olfactory n.
Greater palatine foramen
Greater palatine n/a/v
Hiatus for greater petrosal n.
Greater petrosal n.; petrosal branch of
middle meningeal a.
Hiatus for lesser petrosal n.
Lesser petrosal n.
Skull Foramina
Hypoglossal canal
Incisive canal
Hypoglossal n.; meningeal branch of
ascending pharyngeal a.; emissary
vein from basilar plexus
Descending septal a.; nasopalatine n.
Inferior orbital fissure
Maxillary division of trigeminal n.;
inferior ophthalmic v.
Infraorbital foramen
Infraorbital n/a/v
Skull Foramina
Internal acoustic meatus
Facial n.; vestibulocochlear n.;
labyrinthine a.
Jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal n.; vagus n.;
accessory n.; inferior petrosal sinus;
sigmoid sinus; bulb of internal jugular
vein; meningeal branches from the
occipital and ascending pharyngeal
aa.
Skull Foramina
Lesser palatine foramen
Lesser palatine n/a/v
Mandibular foramen
Inferior alveolar n/a/v
Mastoid canaliculus
Auricular branch of vagus n.
Mastoid foramen
Emissary vein
Mental foramen
Mental n/a/v
Skull Foramina
Optic canal
Optic n.; ophthalmic a.
Parietal foramen
Emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus
Petrotympanic fissure
Chorda tympani n.
Pharyngeal canal
Pharyngeal n.
Skull Foramina
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Posterior ethmoidal n/a/v
Pterygoid canal
Nerve of pterygoid canal (Vidian n.)
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Maxillary a.; maxillary division of
trigeminal n.
Sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine a/v; posterior superior
nasal n.
Skull Foramina
Stylomastoid foramen
Facial n.; stylomastoid a.
Supraorbital foramen
Supraorbital n/a/v
Superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor n.; trochlear n.; ophthalmic
division of trigeminal n.; abducens n.;
sympathetic fibers; orbital branch of
middle meningeal a.; superior
ophthalmic v.; recurrent branch of
lacrimal a.
Skull Foramina
Tympanic canaliculus
Tympanic branch. of glossopharyngeal
n.
Zygomaticofacial foramen
Zygomaticofacial n/a/v
Zygomaticotemporal foramen
Zygomaticotemporal n.