Download The Spread of Islam

Expansion of Muslim Rule
Section 3
Key Terms
7.2.4
• Discuss the expansion of Muslim rule
through military conquests and treaties,
emphasizing the cultural blending within
Muslim civilization and the spread and
acceptance of Islam and the Arabic
language.
Background Knowledge
• When Muhammad died in 632, Islam was
limited to the Arabian Peninsula. Within a
one hundred years, Muslims had
conquered a vast territory.
• In this section, you will learn more about
the expansion of Muslim rule and how it
changed over time.
•
caliphate:
government rule
of a land by a
caliph
•
•
Ali (Ali Ibn Abu
Talib): Muhammad’s
cousin and fourth caliph.
Shiites believed he should
have become the first
caliph.
Umayyad: This
caliphate established
Islam’s first dynasty and
led the empire to its
greatest size.
•
treaty: a written agreement between
countries or peoples (ex. People
accepted Muslim rule in return for certain
rights).
•
Abbasids: the
caliphate that
replaced the
Umayyad, moved the
capital to Baghdad,
and elected their
leaders.
•
Abu al-Abbas:
first Abbasid ruler (the
“slaughterer”) who
was tolerant of nonMuslims in the
empire.
•
Baghdad:
new capital
created by the
Abbasids,
which became
the center of a
golden age of
art, science,
and learning.
•
Fatimid’s: Shiite
group that seized
control of Egypt,
took control of N.
Africa and the
Mediterranean
world, and were
tolerant of
Christians and
Jews.
•
Ottoman Empire:
Turkish state that
captured Constantinople,
conquered the last of the
Byzantine states, and
spread Islam to its
greatest height.
•
Sultan: name of a
Muslim ruler