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Exploring the Sheep Brain
Overview
• Directional and Sectioning Terminology
• Organization of the Brain
• Ventricular system
Step-by-Step Guide of Sheep Brain Dissection
• Dorsal and Lateral View: Major Fissures and Lobes of the
Cerebral Hemispheres
• Ventral View of the Sheep Brain
• Cut Along the longitudinal fissure: Cerebral Commisures
• Inside the brain: Limbic System and Basal Ganglia
Directional Terminology
1
3
2
Axis 1: Medial-lateral axis
Axis 2: Anterior-posterior axis (rostral-caudal axis)
Axis 3: Dorsal-ventral axis
Sectioning Terminology
1
3
2
1: Coronal sections; 2: Sagittal sections; 3: horizontal sections
Organization of the Brain (p21)
FOREBRAIN:
•Telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres)
Neocortex (cerebral cortex)
Basal Ganglia & limbic system
•Diencephalon
Thalamus
hyphthalamus ( Pituitary gland and
mammillary body)
Optic chiasm, pineal body
MIDBRAIN-Mesencephalon
tegmentum tectum
HINDBRAIN:
•Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
•Myelencephalon-Medulla
Ventricles of the Brain (p22)
Ventricle
Subdivision
Lateral (L)
Telencephalon
Third (3)
Diencephalon
Cerebral
aqueduct
(CA)
Mesencephalon
Fourth (4)
metencephalon
L
3
4
CA
Ventricular System
Major fissures and lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
F
P
O
T
Dorsal view(p16) Lateral view(p17)
Terms: groove-Fissure or sulcus; ridge-gyrus
Fissures:
Transverse fissure (6)
Longitudinal fissure (7)
Ansate sulcus(2)
Lobes:
Frontal lobes (F)
Parietal lobes (P)
Occipital lobes (O)
Temporal lobes (T)
Ventral View of the Sheep Brain (p18)
12 Cranial Nerves:
I olfactory nerve from olfactory bulb (1).
II optic nerve (7)
related structure: optic chiasm(6) and
optic tract (8)
III oculomotor nerve
Other structures:
Hippocampal gyrus (9)
Mammilary body (10)
Pituitary gland (11)
Hypothalamus (12)
Pons (14)
12 Cranial Nerves (p18)
VII IX
XI
I
II
III
IV
V
VIII X
VI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Tochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Accesory
Vague
Hypoglossal
Cerebral Commissures
Corpus callosum
Massa intermedia
Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Subcortical Structures: Limbic System (p21)
Major Structures:
•Hippocampus
•Mammilary body
•Cingulate cortex (gyrus)
•Septum
•Fornix
•Amygdala
.
C
ate
l
u
g
Cin
Subcortical Structures: Basal Ganglia (p33)
Major Structures:
•Caudate Nucleus (1)
•Lentiform Nucleus
putamen (2)
globus pallidus (3)
Inside the Brain (p23, 25)
1
2
5
3
7
4
Hippocampus (1)
Septum (2)
Fornix (3)
Caudate Nucleus (4)
Superior Colliculus (5)
Inferior Colliculus (6)
Pineal Body (7)
6