Download Sufism Pre-Syllabus 141201

ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY (WS-639)
Yahya M. Michot
This course explores the nature and diversity of Sufism by looking at the origins
and development of Islamic spiritual thought and practices in history. The course
will remain anchored by focusing on important personalities in the mystical traditions of Islam through their literature and poetry, devotional path and/or music.
Class will meet twice a week for 12 weeks: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 6:30-8:15 p.m., beginning
Tuesday January 20, 2015. Each of these twelve classes will be divided in two sessions: A) Lecture; B)
Discussion of the required readings.
Course Objectives
1) Students should be able to find their way around in the major reference works on Sufism.
2) They are expected to gain an acquaintance with the ways classical Islamic spirituality developed, the
historical and ideological contexts in which it evolved, its key figures and the main doctrines, schools
or movements it crystallized into.
3) In reference to the classical period, they should also be able to have an informed opinion on modern
Sufi developments and debates.
4) They should be able to benefit from the methodological approach adopted in these classes and apply
them for their own studies and/or research projects.
Course Requirements
1) It is strongly recommended that the student arrive at the first class already having a general
knowledge about the religion of Islam, as well as about the history and geography of Muslim peoples.
They should also be able to find their way around in the major reference tools for Islamic Studies
(Encyclopaedia of Islam, Index Islamicus…).
2) Attendance in class is required. If you know that you will be unable to attend a session please
inform the professor in advance. Missing two classes will result in an automatic lowering of your final
grade by 20%. Missing three or more classes will result in automatic failure of the course.
3) For each class of weeks 2-12, students shall submit a summary of the reading assignments and be
ready to speak about them in class. Each student can skip any two weeks during that time for a total of
10 submissions. Here are the guidelines for these summaries:
- Approximately 2 pages (3 pages maximum)
- One modern study must be used in each summary
- Students must make copies of their summaries for all students in the class
4) A final research paper and a viva voce, as described below.
The final grade will be based upon the following:
1) Weekly summaries (25%) and class participation (25%).
2) A final research paper of approximately 10 pages* on a topic relating to the history, or to a doctrinal
debate, or to a societal aspect, of classical Sufism. The topic should be chosen by the end of class VI in
consultation with the Professor. This paper will be due by the end of class XII (30%).
3) A final viva voce exam discussing the course and its reading assignments, with an emphasis on the
final research paper submitted (20%).
* All written work is to conform to the seminary writing guidelines, which can be found online at:
http://www.hartsem.edu/student/forms/researchpaperguide.pdf. It must use the transliteration system
given in class I. It must be run through a grammar and spell-check program or read by the writing tutor
if necessary before submission. The Hartford Seminary Grading Guidelines will be the standard of
evaluation for work in the course.
IMPORTANT: Plagiarism, the failure to give proper credit for the words and ideas of another person,
whether published or unpublished, is strictly prohibited. All written material submitted by students
must be their own original work; where the words and ideas of others are used they must be
acknowledged. Credit will not be given for work containing plagiarism, and plagiarism can lead to
failure of a course. Please see the Hartford Seminary Catalogue for the full plagiarism policy.
General references
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM, INDEX ISLAMICUS…
ENDRESS, Gerhard, Islam: An Historical Introduction. Translated by Carole HILLENBRAND (Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press, 2002 – 2d ed.), viii & 301 p., ISBN 0-­‐7486-­‐1620-­‐9.
RUTHVEN, Malise, with Azim NANJI, Historical Atlas of the Islamic World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 208 p.,
0-­‐19-­‐860997-­‐3.
HEWER, Christopher, Understanding Islam: The first ten steps (London: SCM Press, 2006), xi & 244 p. 0334-04032-9.
KNYSH, Alexander, Islamic Mysticism. A Short History (Leiden: Brill, 2000), xii, 358 p., 90-04-10717-7.
SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, Mystical Dimensions of Islam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, [1975]), xxi, 506 p.
RENARD, John, Friends of God. Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 2008), xx, 346 p., 978-0-52025198-4.
SHIHADEH, A. (ed.), Sufism and Theology (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), vi, 201 p., 978-0-7486-2605-2.
ARBERRY, Arthur John, Sufism: an Account of the Mystics of Islam (London: Unwin, 1990), [1], 11 - 141p.
NICHOLSON, Reynold A., The mystics of Islam (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975), vii - 178 p., 0-7100-1892-4.
CLASS SCHEDULE
Class I. A: Tuesday Jan. 20. B: Thursday Jan. 22. INTRODUCTION. CONTROVERSIAL ORIGINS
General references:
KNYSH, Alexander, Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West, in A Companion to the History of the Middle East, ed.
Youssef M. CHOUEIRI (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 106-131.
ERNST, Carl W., The Shambhala Guide to Sufism (Boston & London: Shambhala, 1997), xxi, 264 p., 1-57062-180-2.
Chapter 2: The Sacred Sources of Sufism, p. 32-57.
‘AṬṬÂR, Farîd al-Dîn, The Conference of the Birds - Manṭiq al-Ṭayr. Translated with an introduction by Afkham
DARBANDI and Dick DAVIS (Harmondsworth - New York: Penguin Books, 1984).
Reading assignments:
a. SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, Mystical dimensions of Islam — Chapter I: What is Sufism?, p. 3-22
b. MACDONALD, Duncan Black, Aspects of Islam (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911) — Lecture VI: The
mystical life and the darwish fraternities continued, p. 176-209.
c. Copy from the press, magazines, or internet, some article or video exploring the nature of Islamic spirituality, for
presentation and discussion in class.
Class II. A: Tuesday Jan. 27. B: Thursday Jan. 29. FIRST DEVELOPMENTS
General references:
KARAMUSTAFA, Ahmet T., Sufism. The Formative Period (Berkeley - Los Angeles: University of California Press,
2007), xiii, 202 p., 978-0-520-25269-1.
SELLS, Michael A., Early Islamic Mysticism. Sufi, Qur’ān, Mi’rāj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Translated, edited
and with an Introduction. Preface by Carl W. ERNST (New York - Mahwah: Paulist Press, “The Classics of Western
Spirituality”, 1996), xi, 398 p., 0-8091-3619-8.
BALDICK, Julian, Mystical Islam. An Introduction to Sufism (London - New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2000 - 2d
éd.), 208 p., 1-86064-631-x. — Chapter I: Sufism’s beginnings, p. 13-33.
MELCHERT, Christopher, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, in Arabica, 58, 2001, p. 352-367.
Reading assignments:
a. HOMERIN, Th. E., Ibn Taimîya’s Al-Ṣûfîyah wa-al-Fuqarâ’, in Arabica, XXXII (Leiden: 1985), p. 219-244.
b. MELCHERT, Christopher, Baṣran Origins of Classical Sufism, in Der Islam, 82, 2005, p. 221-240.
Class III. A: Tuesday Feb. 3. B: Thursday Feb. 5. AL-ḤALLÂJ
General references:
LOSENSKY, Paul, Farîd ad-Dîn ʻAṭṭâr’s Memorial of God’s friends : lives and sayings of Sufis. Translated and
introduced. Preface by Th. Emil HOMERIN (NewYork: Paulist Press, 2009).
CORNELL, Rkia Elaroui, Early Sufi Women. Dhikr an-Niswa al-Muta‘abbidât aṣ-Ṣûfiyyât by Abû ‘Abd al-Raḥmân asSulamî. Edited and translated from the Riyadh manuscript with Introduction and notes (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 1999),
334 p., 1-887752-06-4.
SMITH, Margaret, Râbi‘a the Mystic and her Fellow-Saints in Islam. Being the Life and Teachings of Râbi‘a al‘Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya of Baṣra together with some Account of the Place of the Women Saints in Islam (Cambridge:
Cambridge U.P., 1984), xxxv - 219 p.
‘ABD AL-QÂDIR, ‘Alî Hasan, The Life, Personality and Writings of al-Junayd. A Study of a Third/Ninth Century Mystic
with an Edition and Translation of his Writings (London: Luzac, 1976).
MASSIGNON, Louis, The Passion of al-Hallâj, Mystic and Martyr of Islâm. Translated and edited by Herbert MASON.
Abridged edition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xxxi, 292 p., 0-691-01919-3.
MICHOT, Yahya, Ibn Taymiyya’s Commentary on the Creed of al-Îallâj, in A. SHIHADEH (ed.), Sufism and Theology
(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007). — P. 123-136.
Reading assignments:
a. QUSHAYRÎ (AL-, d. 1072), The Risalah. Principles of Sufism. Translated by Rabia HARRIS. Edited by Laleh BAKHTIAR
(Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2002), lx, 513 p., 1-930637-22-5. — Part I: On the Shaykhs of This Way…, p. 17-35 (nos
1-13).
b. MASON, Herbert, Ḥallâj and the Baghdad School of Sufism, in Leonard LEWISOHN (ed.), The Heritage of Sufism
(Classical persian Sufism from its Origins to Rumi (700-1300), Vol. I (Oxford: Oneworld, 1999), p. 65-81.
Class IV. A: Tuesday Feb. 10. B: Thursday Feb. 12. NORMALISATION
General references:
KALÂBÂDHÎ, Muḥammad ibn Isḥâq (AL-, d. 380/990?), The Doctrine of the Sufis (Kitâb al-Ta‘arruf li-madhhab ahl altaṣawwuf). Translated from the Arabic by A. J. ARBERRY (Cambridge: CUP, 1977), xviii, 173 p.
QUSHAYRÎ (AL-, d. 1072), Principles of Sufism (al-Risâlat al-Qushayriyya fî ‘ilm al-taṣawwuf). Transl. from the Arabic
by B.R. VON SCHLEGELL, with an introd. by Ḥâmid ALGAR (Berkeley, Calif.: Mizan Press, [1992]), xix, 366 p., 0933782-20-9.
HUJWIRÎ, ‘Alî b. ‘Uthmân (AL-, d. 1077), The Kashf al-Maḥjûb. The oldest Persian Treatise on Sufism. Transl. from the
text of the Lahore edition, compared with mss. in the India Office and British Museum by Reynold A. NICHOLSON
(Leyden: Brill, ‘E.J.W. Gibb Memorial series, 17’, 1911), 443 p.
Reading assignments:
a. QUSHAYRÎ (AL-), The Risalah. Principles of Sufism. Translated by Rabia HARRIS. Edited by Laleh BAKHTIAR
(Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2002), lx, 513 p., 1-930637-22-5. — Last section: Advice for Spiritual Students, p. 473487.
b. HUJWIRÎ, ‘Alî b. ‘Uthmân (AL-, d. 1077), The Kashf al-Maḥjûb, Translation R. A. Nicholson. — Chapter XXIV:
Technical terms of the Ṣûfîs, p. 367-392.
Class V. A: Tuesday Feb. 17. B: Thursday Feb. 19. AVICENNA, AL-GHAZÂLÎ
General references:
NASR, Seyyed Hossein (ed.), Islamic Spirituality. II, Manifestations (London: SCM Press, “World Spirituality, 20”,
1991), 0-334-02433-1. — Chapter 22: Theology, Philosophy, and Spirituality, p. 395-446.
BELL, Joseph Norment, Avicenna's Treatise on Love and the Nonphilosophical Muslim Tradition, in Der Islam, 63/1
(Berlin - New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986), p. 73-89.
Reading assignments:
a. FACKENHEIM, Emil L., A Treatise on Love by Ibn Sînâ, in Mediaeval Studies (1945), p. 208-228. Download from:
www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/works/avicenna-love.pdf.
b. AL-GHAZÂLÎ (d. 505/1111) Mishkat al-Anwar (The Niche for Lights). Translation by W.H.T. GAIRDNER (Lahore: Sh.
Muhammad Ashraf, 1952) — Part III: The Application to the light-verse and the veils tradition, p. 150-175.
Class VI. A: Tuesday Feb. 24. B: Thursday Feb. 26. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, I: GNOSTICISM
General references:
HIRTENSTEIN, Stephen, The Unlimited Mercifier. The spiritual life and thought of Ibn ‘Arabî (Oxford: Anqa Publ. Ashland, Oregon: White Cloud Press, 1999), xi, 289 p., 0-9534513-2-1.
KNYSH, A. D., Ibn ‘Arabî in the Later Islamic Tradition. The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (New
York: State University of New York Press, ‘SUNY Series in Islam’, 1999), xvi, 449 p., 0-7914-3968-2.
BAYHAN, Nevzat (ed.), Modern çağ ve İbn-i Arabî - Ibn Arabî and Modern Era (Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir
Belediyesi Kültür A. Ş. Yayınları, 2008), 324 p., 978-605-5592-14-1.
JEFFERY-STREET, Isobel, Ibn ‘Arabi and the Contemporary West. Beshara and the Ibn ‘Arabi Society (Sheffield Oakville: Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2012), x & 286 p., 978-1-84553-671-8.
CHITTICK, William C., Faith and Practice of Islam. Three Thirteenth Century Sufi Texts. Translated, Introduced, and
Annotated (Albany: State University of New York Press, “SUNY Series in Islam”, 1992), xv & 306 p., 0-7914-13683.
The website of the Ibn ‘Arabi Society: http://www.ibnarabisociety.org.
LEWISOHN Leonard (ed.), The Legacy of Mediæval Persian Sufism. Introduction by NASR Seyyed Hossein (London New York: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publications, 1992), xiv, 434 p., 0-933546-47-5.
Reading assignments:
a. CHITTICK, W. C., Ibn ‘Arabî’s Own Summary of the Fusûs, p. 1-11. PDF downloadable on internet from:
http://www.ibnarabisociety.org/works.html.
b. IBN ‘ARABÎ, The Tarjumán al-ashwáq - A Collection of Mystical Odes. Edition and translation by Reynold A.
NICHOLSON (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1911). — Odes XI-XVIII, p. 66-84.
Class VII. A: Tuesday March 3. B: Thursday March 5. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, II: AESTHETICISM
General references:
AVERY, Kenneth, S., A Psychology of Early Sufi Samā‘: Listening and Altered States, London, Routledge, 2004.
GRIBETZ, Arthur, The Samā‘ Controversy: Sufi vs. Legalist, in Studia Islamica, 74, 1991, p. 101-144.
SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, I am Wind, you are Fire: the Life and Work of Rûmî (Boston, Mass.: Shambhala, 1992), [5],
214, [2] p.
LEWIS, Franklin D., Rumi. Past and Present, East and West. The Life, Teaching and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi
(Oxford: Oneworld, 2000), xvii, 686 p., 1-85168-214-7.
CHITTICK, W. C., The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi. Foreword by Seyyed Hossein NASR (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2005),
xiv, 103 p., 0-941532-88-7.
HALMAN Talat Sait, AND Metin, Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi and The Whirling Dervishes, Sufi Philosophy - Whirling
Rituals - Poems of Ecstasy - Miniature Paintings (Istanbul: Dost Yayinlari, 1983), 110 p.
HOMERIN, Th. Emil, From Arab Poet to Muslim Saint. Ibn al-Fârid, His Verse, and his Shrine (Columbia: University of
South Carolina Press, ‘Studies in Comparative Religion’, 1994), xii - 162 p., 0-87249-980-4.
—, ‘Umar Ibn al-Fâriḍ. Sufi Verse, Saintly Life. Translated and Introduced by –. Preface by Michael A. SELLS (New
York - Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, ‘The Classics of Western Spirituality’, 2001), xvii - 366 p., 0-8091-4008-X.
Reading assignments:
a. CHITTICK, W. C., Me & Rumi: The Autobiography of Shams-i Tabrizi. Translated, Introduced, and Annotated
(Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2004), xxv, 410 p., 1-887752-52+8. — P. 68-88: Following Muhammad.
b. The Poem of the Way (Naẓm al-sulûk). Translated into English verse from the Arabic of Ibn al-Fâriḍ by A. J.
ARBERRY (London: Emery Walker, ‘Chester Beatty monographs, 5’, 1952), 88 p., x-19-268356-9. — P. 9-21 (verses
1-455) & p. 67-74 (verses 2080-2360).
Class VIII. A: Tuesday March 10. B: Thursday March 12. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, III-IV: OBEDIENCE AND
LAWLESSNESS
General references:
BELL, J. N., Love Theory in Later Ḥanbalite Islam (Albany: State University of New York Press, ‘Studies in Islamic
Philosophy and Science’, 1979).
FARHADI, Ravan, ‘Abdullâh Ansârî of Herât (1006-1089 C.E.). An Early Sûfî Master. (Richmond: Curzon, “Curzon Sufi
Series”, 1996), xiv, 158 p., 0-7007-0313-6.
IBN AL-JAWZÎ, Abû l-Faraj (d. 1201), The Devil's Deception. Talbîs Iblîs, Edited Translation by Abu Ameenah Bilal
PHILIPS (Birmingham: Al-Hidaayah Publishing and Distribution, 1417/1996), 72 p., 1-898649-20-0.
IBN QAYYIM AL-JAWZIYYA (d. 1350), The Magnificent Journey. Being a Translation of ar-Risâlat ut-Tabûkiyyah (The
Message from Tabûk). Translation and Comments by Muhammad AL-JIBALI (Arlington: Al-Qur'ân was-Sunnah
Society of North America, 1995), xvii, 80 p, 1-886451-00-1.
Reading assignments:
a. KARAMUSTAFA, A., God’s Unruly Friends : Dervish Groups in the Islamic Later Middle Period, 1200-1550 (Salt
Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994). — Chapter III-IV, p. 25-49.
b. JÎLÂNÎ (AL-; 561/1166), ‘Abd al-Qâdir, Revelations of the Unseen (Futûh al-Ghayb). A Collection of Seventy-Eight
Discourses, Translated from the Arabic by Muhtar HOLLAND (Fort Lauderdale: Al-Baz Publishing, 1999), 1-88221601-6. —Chapters 60 to 70, p. 144-165.
OR
c. ‘Umar KHAYYÂM (d. 517/1123), The Rubaiyât. Translation by Edward FITZGERALD.
Class IX. A: Tuesday March 17. B: Thursday March 19. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, V-VI: MUHAMMADAN PIETY
IN PEACE AND WAR
General references:
NASR, Seyyed Hossein (ed.), Islamic Spirituality. II, Manifestations — Chapter 15: Spiritual Chivalry, p. 304-315.
MCGREGOR, R. & SABRA, A., (eds.), Le développement du soufisme en Égypte à l’époque mamelouke (Cairo: Institut
Français d’Archéologie Orientale, ‘Cahier des Annales islamologiques, 27’, 2006).
MAHJUB, Muhammad Ja‘far, Chivalry and Early Persian Sufism, in Leonard LEWISOHN (ed.), The Heritage of Sufism
(Classical persian Sufism from its Origins to Rumi (700-1300), Vol. I (Oxford: Oneworld, 1999), p. 549-581.
Stations of the Righteous (Darajât al-ṣâdiqîn) & The Stumblings of those Aspiring (Zalal al-fuqarâ’). Two Texts from
The Path of Blame by Abû ‘Abd al-Raḥmân AL-SULAMÎ al-Naysabûrî (d. 412/1021). Introduced and Translated by
Kenneth L. HONERKAMP, in Three Early Sufi texts (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2003), viii, 192 p., 1-887752-51-X, p. 83192.
BIRGIVI, Mehmed b. Pîr ‘Alî, The Path of Muhammad (al-Tariqâh al-Muhammadiyyah), A Book on Islamic Morals and
Ethics, & The Last Will and Testament (Vasiyyetname). Interpreted by Shaykh Tosun BAYRAK al-Jerrahi al-Halveti.
Foreword by Shaykh ABDUL MABUD. Introduction by Vincent J. CORNELL (Bloomington: World Wisdom, Inc., 2005),
xv, 351 p., 0-941532-68-2.
BŒSPFLUG, François, Le Prophète de l’islam en images. Un sujet tabou ? (Montrouge: Bayard, 2013), 189 p., 978-2227-48669-0.
Reading assignments:
a. SABRA, Adam, Illiterate Sufis and Learned Artisans: The Circle of ‘Abd al-Wahhâb al-Sha‘rânî, in R. MCGREGOR &
A. SABRA, (eds.), Le développement du soufisme…, p. 153-168.
b. AL-JÂZÛLÎ (d. 870/1465), Dalâ’il al-Khayrât. Downloadable as Delail-i Hayrat, from http://www.naksibendi.org/
books.html. See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dala%27il_al-Khairat.
Class X. A: Tuesday March 24. B: Thursday March 26. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, VII: SHAYKHS AND SHRINES
General references:
SPENCER TRIMINGHAM, J., The Sufi Orders in Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973). — Chapter I: The
Formation of Schools of Mysticism, p. 1-30.
POPOVIC, A. & VEINSTEIN, G. (sous la direction de), Les Voies d’Allah. Les ordres mystiques dans l’islam des origines à
aujourd’hui (Paris, Fayard, 1996), 711 p., 2-213-59449-X.
KUGLE, Scott, Sufis & Saints’ Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality & Sacred Power in Islam (Chapel Hill: The University
of North Carolina Press, “Islamic Civilization & Muslim Networks”, 2007), xvi - 345 p., 978-0-8078-5789-2.
ERNST, Carl W., Eternal Garden. Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center. Foreword by Annemarie
SCHIMMEL (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2d ed., 2004), xxxvi & 381 p., 019566869-3.
KINGSLEY BIRGE, J., The Bektashi Order of Dervishes (London, 1937).
STYER, Mustafa (ed.), Songs of Presence. Qasidas of the Shadhili Path - Nasâ’im al-Ḥaḍra. Qaṣâ’id al-ṭarîqat alshâdhiliyya (n.p.: IhsanPress, 2014), xxvii & 93 & 295 & ‘ayn p., 978-0-9560161-4-0.
Reading assignments:
a. HOMERIN, Th. Emil, Saving Muslim Souls: The Khānqāh and the Sufi Duty in Mamluk Lands, in Mamlūk Studies
Review, vol. 3 (Chicago, 1999), — Pages 59–83.
b. JACKSON, Sherman, A., Sufism for Non-Sufis?: Ibn ‘Aṭâ’ Allâh al-Sakandarî’s Tâj al-‘Arûs (New York: Oxford
University Press, 2012), x & 155 p., 978-0-19-987367-8. — Pages 119-147, nos 261-345.
Class XI. A: Tuesday April 7. B: Thursday April 9. GOD’S WAYS IN TODAY’S WORLD
General references:
DE JONG,
Frederick & RADTKE, Bernd (eds.), Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Controversies and
Polemics (Leiden: Brill, “Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts, 29”, 1999), 90-04-11300-2.
SIRRIYEH, E., Sufis and Anti-Sufis: The Defence, rethinking and Rejection of Sufism in the Modern World (Richmond:
Curzon, 1999), xiii, 188 p., 0-7007-1060-4.
BURKE, Omar Michael, Among the Dervishes, An account of travels in Asia and Africa, and four years studying the
Dervishes, Sufis and Fakirs, by living among them (London: The Octagon Press, 1973), 203 p., 900-860-17-0.
HERMANSEN, Marcia, Hybrid identity Formations in Muslim America: The Case of American Sufi movements, in The
Muslim World, 90/1-2, 2000, p. 158-197.
Reading assignments:
a. TAJI-FAROUKI, Suha, Ibn ‘Arabi meets New Age? Sufism and Sufi Spirituality in the Contemporary West: The Case of
The Beshara Movement, in Nevzat BAYHAN (ed.), Modern çağ ve İbn-i Arabî - Ibn Arabî and Modern Era (Istanbul:
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A. Ş. Yayınları, 2008), 324 p., 978-605-5592-14-1 — P. 275-294.
b. MACDONALD, Duncan Black, Aspects of Islam (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911) — Lecture V: The
mystical life and the darwish fraternities, p. 145-175.
Class XII. A: Tuesday April 21. B: Thursday April 23. DEFINING SUFISM?
General references:
NASR, Seyyed H., Living Sufism (London: Unwin Paperbacks, ‘Mandala Books’, 1980), [vi], 166 p., 0-04-297038-5.
ASIN PALACIOS, Miguel, Saint John of the Cross and Islam. Translated by Howard W. YODER and Elmer H. DOUGLAS
(New York: Vantage Press, 1981), xii, 94 p., 533-04625-4.
Reading assignments:
a. IBN AL-RAWANDI, Islamic Mysticism. A Secular Perspective (Amherst, N. Y.: Prometheus Books, 2000), 259 p., 157392-767-8 — Chapter 6: Sufism: A Secular Perspective, p. 139-164.
b1. JOHN OF THE CROSS, The Spiritual Canticle. On internet: http://www.karmel.at/ics/john/cn_3.html.
OR
b2. SHIKÛH, Dârâ (Prince), Majma‘-ul-Baḥrain, or The Mingling of the two Oceans. Edited in the original Persian with
English translation, notes and variants by M. Mahfuz-UL-HAQ (Kolkata: The Asiatic Society, 1929), p. 37-57.