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Bryophytes – mosses, liverworts & hornworts Evolutionary innovation – waxy cuticle Seedless Vascular plants – lychophytes, horsetails & ferns Fern Lifecycle Modified Leaves Leaf Structure Figure 20.9 Angiosperms – flowering plants Figure 20.4 Figure 20.12 Figure 20.13 Figure 20.04 Figure 21.11 Choanoflagellates sponges cnidarians flatworms coelom lost annelids mollusks roundworms coelom reduced pseudocoel arthropods echinoderms chordates coelom reduced molting radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues multicelled body PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers Fig. 22-5, p.356 Fig. 22-6a, p.357 Fig. 22-6b, p.357 section through body wall: glasslike structural elements amoeboid cell pore semifluid matrix collar cell with a central flagellum ringed by microvilli flattened surface cells Fig. 22-6c, p.357 sponges cnidarians flatworms coelom lost annelids mollusks roundworms coelom reduced pseudocoel arthropods echinoderms chordates coelom reduced molting radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues multicelled body PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers Fig. 22-5, p.356 p.352a lid capsule's trigger (modified cilium) barbs on discharged thread exposed barbed thread in capsule nematocyst (capsule at free surface of epidermal cell) Fig. 22-7, p.358 outer epithelium (epidermis) mesoglea (matrix) inner epithelium (gastrodermis) Fig. 22-8a, p.358 mesogleafilled bell tentacles Fig. 22-8c, p.358 Fig. 22-8d, p.358 reproductive polyp female medusa male medusa ovum zygote feeding polyp branching one branch from a mature colony sperm polyp forming planula Fig. 22-9, p.359 sponges cnidarians flatworms coelom lost annelids mollusks roundworms coelom reduced pseudocoel arthropods echinoderms chordates coelom reduced molting radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues multicelled body PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers Fig. 22-5, p.356 epidermis No coelom (acoelomate animals) gut cavity organs packed between gut and body wall Fig. 22-3a, p.355 brain ovary testis nerve cord oviduct genital pore penis pharynx (protruded) flame cell nucleus cilia protonephridia opening of tubule at body surface fluid filters through membrane folds flame cell Fig. 22-10, p.360 proglottids a Larvae, each with inverted scolex of future tapeworm, become encysted in intermediate host tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle) scolex b A human, a definitive host, eats infected, undercooked beef (mainly skeletal muscle) d Inside each fertilized egg, an embryonic, larval form develops. Cattle may ingest embryonated eggs or ripe proglottids, and so become intermediate hosts c Each sexually mature proglottid has female and male organs. Ripe proglottids containing fertilized eggs leave host in feces, which may contaminate water and vegetation. Fig. 22-11, p.361 sponges cnidarians flatworms coelom lost annelids mollusks roundworms coelom reduced pseudocoel arthropods echinoderms chordates coelom reduced molting radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues multicelled body PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers Fig. 22-5, p.356 Fig. 22-13c, p.362 sponges cnidarians flatworms coelom lost annelids mollusks roundworms coelom reduced pseudocoel arthropods echinoderms chordates coelom reduced molting radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues multicelled body PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers Fig. 22-5, p.356 gut cavity epidermis Pseudocoel (pseudocoelomate animals) unlined body cavity around gut Fig. 22-3b, p.355 sponges cnidarians flatworms coelom lost annelids mollusks roundworms coelom reduced pseudocoel arthropods echinoderms chordates coelom reduced molting radial ancestry, two germ layers true tissues multicelled body PROTOSTOMES mouth from blastopore DEUTEROSOMES anus from blastopore bilateral, coelomate ancestry, three germ layers Fig. 22-5, p.356 Echinodermata Figure 19.26 gut cavity epidermis Coelom (coelomate animals) peritoneum body cavity with lining that holds internal organs in place Fig. 22-3c, p.355
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