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Download 8/26/2015 Sumeria - Polk School District
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STANDARD SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. ELEMENT a. Describe the development of Mesopotamian societies; include the religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society, with attention to Hammurabi’s law code. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. USA Mesopotamia was located in the Middle East. Mesopotamia was located in what is now the country of Iraq. Geography Dry desert Climate Mesopotamia A flat plain between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers Known as the Fertile Crescent PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. GEOGRAPHY CONT’D Disadvantages Environmental: • Unpredictable flooding • Dry summer months No natural barriers: • No natural protection • small villages lying in open plain were defenseless Limited Resources: stone, wood, metal PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. City-States • Formed along the rivers • States had: • Own government • Own gods • Own kings. • Sumer = The region where the two rivers meet • Sumerians: The people who lived in the Sumer • City states constantly at war with one another ‘Civilization’ Farming • Fertile soil = surpluses • Surpluses = not everyone had to farm • Social hierarchy develops • Skilled labor develops • Cultural and economic prosperity • ‘civilization’ emerges City-States • City States = Inside walls and surrounding farm land • walls = mud bricks • Traded with other city states • Initiated Bronze Age. • Irrigation ditches City Life Hot nights = sleep on flat roof tops Burned oil lamps Indoor plumbing Underground clay pipes carries waste away 1000yrs before other parts of the world had plumbing Courtyard area Government Ziggurat At the center of each city Walled temple Political/religious center Pyramid shaped structure Theocracyseamless combination of religious and political authority Rule passed down to heirs Dynasty – a series of rulers descending from a single family line. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. The Ziggurat at Ur was first excavated by British archaeologist Woolley in 1923. The Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities restored its lower stages in the 1980s. CUNEIFORM: (Wedge-shaped) the Sumerian system of writing. • Writing first began in Sumerian cities. The first schools were set up in Sumer over 4,000 years ago. (2,500 B.C) • Sumerian schools taught boys (wealthy) writing, by coping the same writings over and over again. • Those who graduated became professional writers called scribes, and were leaders of their cities, temples, and armies. • Scribes were the only people who could keep records for the kings and priests. • Boys that wanted to be scribes had to attend school from the age of 8 to the age of 20. SUMERIAN RELIGION • Powerful priests held most of the power • Polytheism Belief in many gods • Direct result of unpredictable flooding. • gods = hostile and unpredictable like nature GILGAMESH Great website to visit: http://gilgamesh.psnc.pl/ Tablet XI PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. Epic of Gilgamesh GILGAMESH Great website to visit: • • • • Oldest written Flood story Written on 12 clay tablets It is about the adventures of the cruel King Gilgamesh of Uruk (ca. 2750 and 2500 BCE). • In tablet XI we read about Pernapishtim, a man who built a boat and was saved from a great flood brought about by angry gods. http://gilgamesh.psnc.pl/ Tablet XI PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. Sumerian Society Patriarchal- a society dominated by men. Gypsum statue of man and woman at Inanna Temple at Nippur, circa 2600-2300 B.C. Three social classes Priests and royalty (kings) Wealthy merchants Ordinary workers Statue of Sumerian woman with hands clasped at chest, ca. 2600-2300 B.C. Sumerian Society Slaves were not free citizens Gypsum statue of man and woman at Inanna Temple at Nippur, circa 2600-2300 B.C. not included in class system Women Could own property Allowed to join lower ranks of priesthood Illiterate - Not allowed to attend schools Statue of Sumerian woman with hands clasped at chest, ca. 2600-2300 B.C. Science and Technology Roll This Cuneiform writing Invented the wheel (wagon and potter’s) Sail, Arch, plow Calligraphy- one of the earliest sketched maps astronomy a number system in base 60 Used today for measuring time from 360 degrees of a circle. First to use Bronze (copper and tin) Cylinder seals = ancient impressions used on administrative documents and locking devices PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. Key Terms City-state: cities and the countryside that surrounds them and were the basic units of Sumerian civilization. Ziggurat: Massive, stepped pyramid with a temple on top. The political/religious center of Mesopotamia. Empire: a large political unit/state, usually under a single leader, that controls many people and territories. Patriarchy: a society dominated by men. Polytheism: a belief in many gods. Cuneiform: “wedge-shaped” the Sumerian system of writing. Theocracy: government by divine authority Mesopotamia: “the land between the two rivers”- the Tigris and Euphrates Dynasty: a series of rulers descending from a single family tree. Cultural Diffusion: the spread of the elements of one culture to another, usually through trade. STANDARD SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. ELEMENT a. Describe the development of Mesopotamian societies; include the religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society, with attention to Hammurabi’s law code. List 5 facts which will help you remember this lesson: • • • • •
