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Name ___________________ Per ______ Date of the Exam ________________ Date Due_______________
Mendel’s Theory
1. Gregor Mendel used ___________________ as a model organism and discovered that traits are controlled by
"________________" which we now call "____________"
2. In general, each person has _________ copies of every gene. (hint: how many?)
3. Different versions of genes are called _____________________________
4. An organism’s physical characteristics are also known as its ______________________________
5. An organism’s genetic makeup is also known as its _______________________________________
6. The first two individuals in a cross are called the _______________________________________
7. The offspring from a cross between the p generation is called the ___________________________
8. The offspring from a cross between the first generation (F1) is called the ___________________________
9. Organisms with two different alleles for a gene are considered to be _____________________ for that trait.
10. Organisms with two of the same alleles for a gene are considered to be ___________________ for the trait.
11. The trait that is masked by a dominant trait is considered to be the ___________________________ trait.
12. The idea that inheriting one gene doesn't affect your chances of inheriting any other is also known as the law of
______________________
13. The law of segregation says that parents only pass on __________ (state what fraction) of their genes, and is
made possible by __________________ (a type of cell division).
14. Which type of cell division allows independent assortment to take place? ____________________________
15. In some of his experiments, Mendel studied the inheritance patterns of two characteristics at once. He found
out that characteristics or traits are inherited _____________________________ of one another.
What does each of the following laws state?
Now explain it in your own words.
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Monohybrid Crosses
16. Monohybrid crosses involve ________ pair(s) of traits.
17. A black coat (B) is dominant in guinea pigs. A brown coat (b) is recessive.
What is the genotype of a homozygous black guinea pig? = _______
What is the genotype of a heterozygous black guinea pig? =_________
What is the genotype of a brown guinea pig? =__________
18. Make a cross between two heterozygous black guinea pigs. What are the genotype
percentages? ________________________________
Phenotype percentages? ________________________________
19. Brown hair (B) is dominant to blond hair (b). A woman and her mother have blond hair. The woman’s father
has brown hair. What is the genotype of the father? _____________ and the mother? ___________
20. A heterozygous brown-haired man is crossed with a homozygous blond haired woman. What fraction of the
offspring will be brown? _______________ What percent will be blond? ________________
Dihybrid Crosses
21. The possible gametes from an organism with the genotype GgHh are ______, _______, _______, _______.
22. In roses, red (F) color is dominant to white (f), and the presence of thorns (T) is dominant to thornless (t).
A heterozygous red and thorned rose (parent 1) is crossed with a homozygous white and thornless rose (parent 2).
A. What is the genotype of parent 1? _____________ What is the genotype of parent 2? ____________
B. What are the gametes for parent 1? _______________What are the gametes for parent 2? _______
C. What percent of the F1 will be red and thorned if the parents are allowed to mate? _______________
D. If they produce 64 offspring, how many will be white and thornless? ________________________
(find the fraction that will be white & thornless and multiply by 64)
Sex-linked traits
23. Are most sex-linked traits recessive or dominant? _______________________________
24. A sex-linked gene is usually located on a (an) ___________ chromosome.
25. All other genes not on these chromosomes are called ______________________________________
26. A person who has a recessive gene, can pass it to their offspring, but aren’t affected by it are called _______
27. Colorblindness is recessive, but is seen mostly in _____________ because they only have one X-chromosome.
28. Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. Normal vision is dominant to colorblindness. Two parents produce one
colorblind boy, one normal boy and a colorblind girl. What are the genotypes of the parents? ____,____
29. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Normal blood clotting is dominant to hemophilia. A woman who has normal blood
clotting is contemplating marriage with a man that also has normal blood clotting. She has a mother who is normal and a
brother and father who are hemophiliacs.
A. What is the probability that her sons will have hemophilia? ______ What is the girl’s genotype?______
B. What is the man’s genotype? _________ What are her father’s genotype?________
Other patterns of Inheritance
30. When several genes influence a trait that trait is considered __________________________________.
31. A cross between purple flowers and yellow flowers produces flowers that have both purple and yellow petals.
The pattern of inheritance is ________________________________________________________________
32. A blend of two traits is considered to be _________________________________________________________
33. Genes with three or more alleles are considered to be _______________________________________________
34. When both traits are dominant and both are expressed it is called ______________________________________
35. A cross between a brown cow and white cow produces all tan cows. The pattern of inheritance must be
_______________________________.
36. A man with type A ( IAi ) blood is married to a woman with type AB( IA IB ) blood. They have three natural children
and one adopted child. Bob has type A blood. Juan has type AB blood. Edith has type O blood, and Linh has type B
blood. Which child was adopted? __________________________________________________
Genetic Disorders
37. A condition that primarily affects males is probably _________________________________________________
38. This genetic disorder is produced by a dominant gene: ______________________________________________
39. The disorder that affects a child’s central nervous system is called _____________________________________
40. The disorder that is caused by a change in part of the hemoglobin protein is called ________________________
41. A serious disorder caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosomes is ________________________________
42. The disorder where mucus clogs many organs is ___________________________________________________
43. The dominant disorder that causes a loss of mental function in adults is _________________________________