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What is the Role of Toxicology in Green Technology? Rostam Namdari, Ph.D. Director, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc July 2013 © Rostam Namdari 1 Overview Definition of green technology Toxicology & its importance Role of toxicology in green technology Application in the pharmaceutical industry Application in environmental toxicology Environmental toxicology program at Simon Fraser University (SFU) © Rostam Namdari 2 Green Technology Application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to restrain the negative impacts of human involvement. © Rostam Namdari 3 Toxicology The study of adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems Why is it important? >83,000 chemicals are used, many pose ecological & human health concerns; therefore, We need to understand the toxicity profile of these chemicals & how to make safer chemicals Environmental science & monitoring: Testing, monitoring, regulating & prioritizing chemicals Green chemistry: life-cycle approach (birth → disposal) © Rostam Namdari 4 Role of Toxicology in Green Chemistry Developing safer chemicals Rapid toxicity assessment tools are developed to guide green chemistry Selecting less toxic synthetic routes Computational toxicology High throughput toxicity screening assays Using safer reagents & solvents Reduce derivatives & waste products Many industries use green chemistry Chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical © Rostam Namdari 5 Application in Pharmaceutical Industry: Drug Development Drug Candidate Discovery Research Preclinical Development Clinical Development Input/Feedback © Rostam Namdari 6 Chemical Screening in Drug Discovery Screening chemical libraries (100,000s-1000,000s) Safer drugs © Rostam Namdari Reduced material & animal use 7 Drug Discovery & Development © Rostam Namdari 8 Role of Toxicology in Environmental Science & Monitoring Regulatory application Setting up exposure limits & criteria Communicating levels of safety/danger Facilitating priority determination for facility improvement Optimizing cleanup methods Prioritizing toxic substances © Rostam Namdari 9 Application in Chemical Prioritization ToxCast: Launched in 2007 by EPA HTS for predicting chemical toxicity Rapid and cost-effective approach for prioritizing 1000s of chemicals that need toxicity testing e.g., EPA: Toxic Substance Control Act Drinking Water Contaminants List Endocrine Disruption Screening Program ~300 chemicals screened in ~600 tests Took 30 yr & $2 billion to do the same using traditional animal Tox tests © Rostam Namdari 10 Role of Toxicology in Environmental Science & Monitoring Application in environmental toxicology A specialized discipline of toxicology and a multidisciplinary field focused on the harmful effects of chemical, biological and physical on living organisms. Uses a variety of techniques to study the impact of toxic agents on living organisms and provides a powerful tool for assessing the risks associated with the exposure to these agents. © Rostam Namdari 11 Toxic Response Chemical presence Receptor exposure Toxicokinetics Toxicodynamics Chemical Receptor - TK/TD Toxicity - Conc./BA Exposure - Time, Freq © Rostam Namdari 12 Ecological & Human Health Risks © Rostam Namdari 13 How Does Toxicology Fit into the Environmental Risk Assessment? Problem Formulation Contaminant Screening Receptor Screening Pathway Analysis Conceptual Exposure Model Toxicity Assessment Exposure Assessment Risk Characterization © Rostam Namdari 14 How Does Toxicology Fit into Env. Management & Monitoring Problem Formulation Start Evaluation/ Investigation Assessment of Risk Engage Stakeholders Implement Management Options Conclusion Better RA → better decision toward protecting environment © Rostam Namdari 15 Summary - Toxicology helps us in: Designing safer chemicals Using less toxic chemical synthesis Less toxic & more biodegradable Using safer reagents & solvents Reducing animal use Developing exposure limits & criteria Decreasing the cost of chemical testing Improving cleanup/remedial methodology Shifting from risk response to risk prevention © Rostam Namdari 16 Environmental Toxicology at SFU: History An environmental toxicology program (undergraduate toxicology minor & post baccalaureate diploma) started in 1987 In 1989, a professional graduate training program in environmental toxicology at the Masters level was established: Masters of Environmental Toxicology (MET) program Currently, 12 faculty members [3 core faculty: Dr. Law, Dr. Moore & Dr. Kennedy (program director)], 6 adjuncts & 17 students © Rostam Namdari 17 MET: Introduction A 2-yr program consists of a min. of 32 graduate credit hours, may be taken on a part time basis Complete a project on a specific aspect of environmental toxicology based on original field, laboratory or library research Admission requirements BISC 313 - Environmental Toxicology CHEM 282 - Organic Chemistry II MBB 231 - Cellular Biology & Biochemistry Must have a senior supervisor & a supervisory committee © Rostam Namdari 18 MET: Core Courses BISC 650 - Environmental Risk Assessment BISC 651 - Environmental Toxicology Tests I: Ecological Effects-based Tests BISC 652 - Environmental Toxicology Tests II: Mammalian Toxicity Tests BISC 654 - Food and Drug Toxicology BISC 655 - Environmental Toxicology Seminar BISC 656 - Master of Env. Toxicology Project BISC 855 - Biochemical Toxicology STAT 650 - Quantitative Analysis in Resource Management and Field Biology © Rostam Namdari 19 MET: Elective Courses Students must complete one of: BISC 854 - Ecotoxicology EASC 613 - Groundwater Hydrology REM 610 – Mgmt. of Contaminants in the Environment And six credit hours chosen from the following: BISC 846 - Insecticide Chemistry and Toxicology BISC 839 - Industrial Microbiology BISC 883 - Special Topics in Env. Toxicology KIN 851 - Advances in Experimental Carcinogenesis REM 612 - Simulation Modeling in Natural Resource Management © Rostam Namdari 20 Environmental Toxicology at SFU Co-operative Education Professional Registration & Certification Eligibility for the certification examination of the American Board of Toxicology Inc. can be met through the MET program and four years of work experience. Salary Expectation © Rostam Namdari 21 Thank You for Your Attention You too can be a toxicologist in two easy lessons, each of ten years. Arnold Lehman (Circa, 1955) © Rostam Namdari 22
