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Download WOS słownictwo 3 - Gimnazjum nr 25
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WOS 1 Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku advice and consent a legal expression in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to constrain the President's powers of appointment and treaty-making 2 affirmative action a policy designed to redress past discrimination 3 anarchy a state of lawlessness and disorder 4 arbitration giving authoritative judgment 5 Articles of Confederation a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; n Gim it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens balanced budget a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts 7 body politic a politically organized body of people under a single government 8 boycott refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization 9 bribery the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit a zj 6 um nr advantage 25 budget deficit an excess of expenditures over revenues 11 bureaucracy a government administered primarily by nonelective officials 12 business deduction tax write-off for expenses of doing business 13 capital stock the maximum number of shares authorized under the terms of a corporation's articles of incorporation dań wG 10 sku 14 capitalism an economic system based on private ownership of assets 15 caste system social structure in which classes are determined by heredity 16 chauvinism fanatical patriotism 17 Chinese Revolution the republican revolution against the Manchu dynasty in China; 1911-1912 18 citizenry the body of citizens of a state or country 19 civil disobedience refusal to obey a law because it is believed to be immoral WOS Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku 20 civil law the legal code of ancient Rome 21 civility the act of showing regard for others 22 Cold War a state of political hostility that existed from 1945 until 1990 between countries led by the Soviet Union and countries led by the United States collective bargaining negotiation between an employer and trade union 24 collusion secret agreement 25 common law a law established by following earlier judicial decisions 26 communism a theory favoring collectivism in a classless society 27 congressional district a territorial division of a state 28 conservative resistant to change 29 constituency the body of voters who elect a representative for their area 30 constitutionalism advocacy of government according to founding principles 31 consumer price index an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer 32 cooperative involving the joint activity of two or more 33 copyright a document granting exclusive right to sell a work 34 cruel and unusual punishment punishment prohibited by the 8th amendment to the U.S. n Gim 23 a zj um nr 25 dań wG Constitution; includes torture or degradation or punishment too severe for the crime committed deficit the property of being less than expected or required 36 deflation the act of letting the air out of something 37 demand-pull inflation inflation caused by an increase in demand or in the supply of money 38 Democratic Party the older of two major political parties in the United States 39 depression a sunken or lowered geological formation 40 deregulation the act of freeing from rules 41 discount rate interest on an annual basis deducted in advance on a loan sku 35 WOS Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku 42 disposable income income that is available to you for saving or spending 43 divine law a law that is believed to come directly from God 44 divine right the doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects; rebellion is the worst of political crimes double jeopardy the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has n Gim 45 already been tried; prohibited in the fifth amendment to the United States Constitution Dow Jones an indicator of stock market prices 47 durable goods consumer goods that are not destroyed by use 48 economic theory a theory of commercial activities 49 economics science dealing with the circulation of goods and services 50 elasticity the tendency of a body to return to its original shape 51 electoral system a legal system for making democratic choices 52 eminent domain a right of the state to take private property for public use 53 Enlightenment a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of a zj 46 um nr 25 dań wG reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine estate tax a tax on the estate of the deceased person 55 ethnicity an affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties 56 European Union an international organization of European countries formed after World sku 54 War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members 57 excise tax a tax that is measured by the amount of business done 58 exclusionary rule a rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct 59 expenditure the act of spending money for goods or services WOS 60 Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku Federal Communications Commission an independent government agency that regulates interstate and international communications by radio and television and wire and cable and satellite 61 Federal Reserve the central bank of the United States 62 Federal Reserve System the central bank of the United States 63 federalism government divided between central and regional powers 64 Federalist a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government n Gim 65 financial institution an institution (public or private) that collects funds (from the public or other institutions) and invests them in financial assets fiscal policy a government policy for dealing with the budget 67 Food and Drug Administration a federal agency in the Department of Health and Human a zj 66 um Services established to regulate the release of new foods and health-related products Fourteenth Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in nr 68 government 25 1868; extends the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as to the federal dań wG 69 franchise a statutory right or privilege granted by a government 70 free enterprise an economy relying on market forces to allocate resources 71 GATT a United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas sku 72 government security a security issued by United States government agencies or the Farm Credit System 73 head start the advantage gained by beginning early (as in a race) 74 home office (usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise WOS Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku House of Commons the lower house of the British parliament 76 House of Lords the upper house of the British parliament 77 ideology an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group 78 incorporation consolidating two or more things 79 interest rate the percentage of a sum of money charged for its use 80 International Monetary Fund a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the n Gim 75 exchange stability of the major currencies jingoism fanatical patriotism 82 judicial review review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of a zj 81 um some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court nr junta a group of officers who rule a country after seizing power 84 jurisdiction the territory within which power can be exercised 85 legislation the act of making or enacting laws 86 legitimacy lawfulness by virtue of being authorized 87 libel a false and malicious publication 88 liberal showing or characterized by broad-mindedness 89 liberalism a political orientation favoring social progress by reform 90 litigation a legal proceeding in a court 91 macroeconomics the branch of economics that studies the overall working of a national 25 83 dań wG sku economy 92 Magna Carta the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 93 marginal cost the increase or decrease in costs as a result of one more or one less unit of output WOS Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku market economy an economy that relies on market forces to determine prices 95 marketplace an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up 96 Marshall Plan a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe n Gim 94 (1948-1952); named after George Marshall microeconomics the branch of economics that studies the economy of consumers or a zj 97 households or individual firms um monarchy autocracy governed by a ruler who usually inherits authority 99 money supply the total stock of money in the economy nr 98 25 100 monopoly a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller 101 Monroe Doctrine an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western dań wG hemisphere from outside powers 102 moral obligation an obligation arising out of considerations of right and wrong 103 NAFTA an agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico; 104 national debt the debt of the national government sku became effective in 1994 for ten years 105 nationalism the doctrine that your country's interests are superior 106 natural law a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society 107 oligopoly a market in which a few producers control a commodity 108 Organization of American States an association including most countries in the western hemisphere; created in 1948 to promote military and economic and social and cultural cooperation 109 organized crime underworld organizations 110 organized labor employees who are represented by a labor union 111 patent a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention WOS Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku 112 perjury criminal offense of making false statements under oath 113 personal income the income received by a single individual 114 price control restriction on maximum prices that is established and maintained by the government (as during periods of war or inflation) 115 price floor floor below which prices are not allowed to fall 116 primary election a preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen 117 production cost combined costs of raw material and labor incurred in producing goods n Gim 118 property tax a capital tax on property imposed by municipalities 119 Protestant Reformation a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches a zj 120 public works structures constructed at government expense for public use um 121 recession the act of returning control 122 referendum a legislative act referred for approval to a popular vote nr 123 regulation the act of bringing to uniformity; making regular 25 124 rental income income received from rental properties dań wG 125 republic a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch 126 Republican Party the younger of two major political parties in the United States; GOP is an acronym for grand old party 127 return on investment (corporate finance) the amount, expressed as a percentage, that is sku earned on a company's total capital calculated by dividing the total capital into earnings before interest, taxes, or dividends are paid 128 right to life the right to live 129 self-determination determination of one's own fate or course of action without compulsion 130 service charge a percentage of a bill added in payment for service 131 sexual harassment unwelcome sexual behavior by a supervisor toward an employee WOS Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku 132 shareholder someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation 133 social contract an agreement that results in the organization of society n Gim 134 social welfare governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need 135 socialism a political theory advocating state ownership of industry a zj 136 speculation continuous contemplation on a subject of a deep nature 137 statute law law enacted by a legislative body um 138 stock a supply of something available for future use nr 139 stock market an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers 140 stockholder someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation 25 141 subsidy a grant paid by a government to an enterprise dań wG 142 tax revenue government income due to taxation 143 telecommuting employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem 144 third party someone other than the principals who are involved in a transaction sku 145 transfer payment a public expenditure that is not for goods and services 146 UNICEF an agency of the United Nations responsible for programs to aid education and the health of children and mothers in developing countries 147 vigilantism the actions of a vigilance committee in trying to enforce the laws 148 Wall Street a street in lower Manhattan where the New York Stock Exchange is located; symbol of American finance 149 warrant formal and explicit approval 150 warranty written assurance that a product or service will be provided 151 World Bank a United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku n Gim WOS 152 World War I a war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the Central Powers azj (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918 um 153 World War II a war between the Allies and the Axis from 1939 to 1945 154 zoning dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as nr residence and business and manufacturing etc 25 dań wG Opracowano dla Gimnazjum nr 25 w Gdańsku na podstawie podręcznika Dziś i Jutro oraz http://www.vocabulary.com/lists/24274#view=notes Małgorzata Solowska sku
