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Volume 9, Number 1 1 999 Kennedy Neotropical Marantaceae 63 5 : - Figure 2. Stromanthe palustrisH. Kennedy. -A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. -C. Floweron upperleaf surface.D. Flower, face view. portionof the petiole.It is most closely relatedto Calatheaalbo-vaginata(K. Koch) K. Schumann, sharingthe deciduoushabit,reflesedsheathmargins, and lack of a properpetiole. Calatheasingularis differsfromC. albo-vaginatain the green vs. white marginof the leaf sheathand the bracts erect,not reflexedat the apex. de Janeiro,1954, G.Barroso s.n.(RB88428);JardimBotanicodo Rio de Janeiro,withoutcollectoror date (RB 97116). Stromanthe palustris H. Kennedy, sp. nov. TYPE:CostaRica. Heredia:Finca La Selva, the OTSField Stationon the RfoPuertoViejo just E of its junctionwith the Rio Sarapiqui, alongLoopTrailon S side of QuebradaE1SalParatypes. BRAZIL.Espirito Santo: Munic.Linharto, ca. 6 m fromtrail,ca. 100 m, Aug. 1978, es, ReservaFlorestalda Cia.Valedo Rio Doce,Est.GavB. Kirchoff 6578 (holotype, CR; isotype, ea, ant. X-2, km 20,100, erva a beirada estrada,D. A. Folli 1026 (CVRD).Cultivated.JardimBotanicodo Rio DUKE).Figure2. 64 Novon Aliis speciebusAmericaecentraliscombinatione florum 13.5-16 x 96 mm. Corollatube white,glabrous, purpureorum, bractearumviridiumet foliorumbasalium ca. 3 mmlong;corollalobes subequal,elliptic,obpraesentium bene distincta. tuse, white,pilose at apex, 7-8 x 4-5 mm. Outer Caulescent,branched herb, 1.3-2.1 m high, staminodesoblong,roundedwith minuteacumen, bearing3-5 basal leaves and 2-3 caulineon main basal2/3 white,deflexedapicalY3 purple,ca. 5 mm stem, additionalshootsoftenproducedin the axils wide. Callosestaminodepetaloidapically,rounded, of the cauline leaves. Cataphyllsstiff, coriaceous, reddishpurpleat apex, whitebasally,ca. 9 x 6.5 narrowlyovate, apiculate,dark green tinged with mm. Cucullatestaminodewhite, ca. 5 mm long. purple;tomentoseto subvillousbasally,the hairs Antherlight brown,2 mm long. Style and stigma borneon a raised,wart-like,cushionof cells lack- white.Ovarywhite,denselysericeous,hairsgolden ing purplepigmentation; up to 53 cm long. Leaves brownto 2 mm long, 2.5 x 2 mm. Capsuleunantitropic.Leaf blade herbaceous,ovate-oblong, known. apex roundedwith eccentric acumen, base unStromanthe palustrisandS. tonckat(Aublet)Eichequal, obtuse,often very shortly,abruptly,attenuler are the only species of Stromanthein Central ate; 15-19 x 7-10.5 cm in subtendingleaf, 2S America with purple flowers.Stromanthe palustrisis 62 X 11-20 cm in others.Leafblade aboveshiny readily distinguished from S. tonckat by the several darkgreen,glabrous,midribdarkolive-green,pibasal and cauline leaves vs. strictly cauline leaves, lose along each side at junctionwith blade; leaf surfacebelow light green, glabrousexcept pilose the denselyvillousvs. sparselyappressedpiloseleaf alongmarginat apex,midribolive-green,occasion- sheaths(hairsobviousto the nakedeye vs. hairsonly andthe longerpulally tinged with purple,pilose along sides, more visiblewithlens or microscope), vinus (0.9-4.5 cm vs. 0.190.5 cm). Stromanthe denselyso at the base. Pulvinusbroadlyellipticin hialmarssonii (Kornicke) O. G. Petersen fromNicacrosssection,darkolive-green,tomentosealongthe ragua, which has basal leaves and villous leaf front, the rest glabrous,articulate,ca. 2X wider sheaths, has cream-colored flowers and only one or than petiole, 0.94.8 cm long. Petioledarkgreen, two cauline leaves and does not have the additional tomentoseto villoustowardbase, somewhatroughened with minuteirregularwarts,bearinga slight leafy shootsin the axils of the lowercaulineleaves groove,(0)20-77 cm long, usually absent in up- foundin S. palustris.The specificepithet,palustris, permostcaulineleaves. Leaf sheathwith stiff, pa- refers to the habitat of the species, growingin perymargins,not auriculate,deep green,lighterat mucky,somewhatswampy,soil. The descriptiongiven underCtenanthesp. nov. margin,roughened,villous, hairs goldenbrownto in Hammel's(1986: 240) publicationof Maranta3 mmlong;sheathof uppermostleaf 5-7 cm long, ceae for La Selva is of Stromanthe palustris."Cteothers1540 cm long. Base of leaf sheathswollen, nanthe sp. nov." referred to the populations on the whitish yellow. Stem green, slightly roughened, Osa Peninsula that had purple bracts and distinctly subvillous,hairs falling in age, the internodebetweenthe basal leaves and lowermostcaulineleaf, villousleaf sheathsandpetioles.Thesepopulations 60-110 cm long. Inflorescencesterminaland lat- arenowrecognizedas merelyone end of the (clinal) eral, severalper shoot,imbricateinitially,spread- variationwithin Ctenanthedasyearpa(Donnelling with age, ovate,laterallycompressed,5 8.7 X Smith)K. Schumann,not a distinct species. Ctenanthedasyearpahas basal leaves and may also 2.5-3.3 cm. Pedunclelight greento yellow-green, have villoussheaths,but has persistentratherthan sparselypilose, 1.913 cm long,longerin the axial deciduous bracts. inflorescencesthan the terminalones. BractsdeCtenanthe and Stromantheare closely related, ciduous, distichous, S19 (generallyonly S12 presentat any one time duringthe mainflowering both havingantitropicleaves. Thile the majority period)dorsiventrally oriented,conduplicately fold- of species are easily classifiedas belongingto one ed, verybroadlyellipticto subround,apexrounded, or the otherof these genera,a few are problematic havingsomecharactersfoundin both.Althoughthe occasionallywith a very shortacumen,1.v2.1 x 1.1-1.7 cm. Bracts herbaceous,chartreuse,gla- longer sepal length (13 mm) is characteristicof brousexceptfor a tuft of hairs at apex;innersur- Ctenanthe,I feel the aspect of deciduousrather face shiny light green,each subtendingup to 2 or than persistentbracts is more significantfor its the seed moreflowerpairs. Bicarinateprophyllmembrana- placementin Stromanthe.Unfortunately, and capsule, which might have provided additional ceous, elliptic, apex obtuse,translucentlight chartreuse,carinasparselypilose at apex,the rest gla- characters,werenot foundin any of the specimens brous,ca. 0.7 x 1 cm. Sepalsherbaceous,obovate examined. to elliptic,obtuse,translucentchartreuse,glabrous, Paratypes.COSTARICA.Heredia: FincaLa Selva, Volume 9, Number1 1 999 the OTSField Stationon the Rio PuertoViejojust E of its junctionwith the Rio Sarapiqui,along QuebradaE1 Saltito,backof LoopTrail,900 m E, ca. 100 m, 29 Aug. 1980, B. Hammel9627 (DUKE).Limon: Hitoy Cerere Reserveand vicinityin ValleLa EstrellaS of FincaConcepcion, Los Jabillos, near station, 140 m, 09°42'N, 83°02'W,2 Aug. 1985, B. Hammel& M. Grayum14352 (CR);HitoyCerereReserveand vicinityin ValleLa Estrella909°40'00"N,83°02'05"W, 28 Oct.1990,B. Hammel et al. 17948 (CR). Kennedy Neotropical Marantaceae 65 8700068 to MichaelGrayumandBarryHammelfor "A Manualto the Plantsof CostaRica"project.I thankBarryHammeland MichaelGrayumforhelp and consultationduringmyfieldworkin CostaRica and for the use of their field vehicle; JosianeLe Corfffor help in takingthe measurements; andthe staff at INBIOfor their assistancewhile based at the INBIOresearchfacility.I thankthe curatorsof CR, CVRD,DUKE,F, K, MO,RB, and UBC for Acknowledgments. I am especially gratefulto use of their specimensand/orherbariumfacilities. the late RobertoBurle Marxof Brazilfor the op- I thank Fred Gandersfor supportand TomBauportunityto workwith his extensiveMarantaceae mann and Janet Dick for use of their DOS-comcollection.I thank Fatimade Gomesfor help at patiblecomputers. Sitio BurleMarx,DimitriSucrefor sharinghis live and herbariumcollections,and DorothyDunn de LiteratureCited Araujofor assistanceand housingin Brazil.Field- Hammel,B. E. 1986. The vascularfloraof La Selva Biworkin CostaRica was supportedby NSF BSRologicalStation,Marantaceae. Selbyana9: 234-242.