Download lesson 8 – athens and sparta: imagine the possibilities

LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Compare and Contrast
Athens
Sparta
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Societies must make choices
because of scarcity.
Scarcity: The condition that exists
because human wants exceed the
capacity of available resources to satisfy
those wants.
Productive Resources: Natural
resources, human resources, and capital
resources used to make goods and
services.
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Productive resources include:
Natural Resources — "Gifts of
nature" that can be used to produce
goods and services; for example,
oceans, air, mineral deposits, forests,
and fields of land.
Human Resources — The health,
education, experience, training, skills,
and values of people; for example,
doctors, teachers, and farmers.
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Productive resources include:
Capital Resources — Goods made
and used to produce and distribute
goods and services; examples include
tools, machinery, and buildings.
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Societies must make choices
because of scarcity.
Choices: Because our wants are greater
than our resources, people must make
choices. When you choose one thing, you
must give up something else, which means
there is an opportunity cost.
Opportunity Cost: The highest valued
alternative that is given up when a choice
is made.
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Production Possibilities Frontier
Production Possibilities Frontier: A table or
graph that shows the various combinations of two
goods it is possible to produce with a given
amount of resources.
Imagine a society that used all of its resources
(natural, human, and capital) to produce two
goods: olives and grapes. We can illustrate their
choices on a production possibilities frontier,
shown on the next slide.
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Production Possibilities Frontier
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Guns vs. Butter
Guns vs. Butter: A phrase that refers to the
trade-off that nations face when choosing to
devote more or fewer resources to military
or civilian goods and services.
Guns: Resources devoted to the production
of military goods or services.
Butter: Resources devoted to the production
of civilian goods or services.
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY
LESSON 8 – ATHENS AND SPARTA: IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES
Guns vs. Butter
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY