Download Vomer bone (lateral surfaces and four borders)

‫اهداف آموزشی جلسه‬
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‫سطوح و كناره هاي بخش هاي مختلف استخوان زايگوما را توضيح‬
‫دهد‪.‬‬
‫سطوح و كناره هاي بخش هاي مختلف استخوان ماگزيال را بيان نمايد‪.‬‬
‫سطوح و كناره هاي بخش هاي مختلف استخوان پاالتين را نام ببرد‪.‬‬
‫سوراخها‪ ،‬ناودان ها‪ ،‬حفره ها‪ ،‬بريدگيها و زوائد استخواني پاالتين را‬
‫شرح دهد‪.‬‬
‫سطوح و كناره هاي بخش هاي مختلف استخوان گونه را نام ببرد‪.‬‬
‫شکل و قرارگيری استخوانهای ومر و شاخک تحتانی را توضيح دهد‪.‬‬
‫سطوح و كناره هاي بخش هاي مختلف استخوان منديبل را نام ببرد‪.‬‬
Zygomatic bone
*Lat. (anterolateral) surface:
-zygomaticofacial foramen
*posteromedial (temporal) surface:
-zygomaticotemporal foramen
*orbital surface:
-zygomaticoorbital foramen
*anterosuperior (orbital) border
*anteroinferior (maxillary) border
*posterosuperior (temporal) border:
-marginal tubercle
*posteroinferior border
*posteromedial border
*frontal process
*temporal process
Maxillae bone
(body and zygomatic, frontal, alveolar and palatine processes)
• body: ant., post.
(infratemporal),orbital
and nasal surfaces
* Anterior surface:
-incisive fossa
-canine fossa
-canine eminence
-infraorbital foramen
-nasal notch
-ant. Nasal spine
Maxillae bone
*Infratemporal surface
-ridge ascending
-alveolar canals
- maxillary tuberosity
-infraorbital groove
Maxillae bone
*Nasal surface:
-maxillary hiatus
-greater palatine canal
-conchal crest
*maxillary sinus:
-apex
-base:
-above: uncinate proc. & descending part
lacrimal
-below: maxillary proc. Inf. Nasal concha
-behind: perpendicular plate of palatine
-posterior wall
-floor
-roof
-anterior wall
• Orbital surface:
*medial border:
-lacrimal notch
*posterior border
- inf. Orbital fissure
*anterior border
*infraorbital groove
*infraorbital canal
*canalis sinuosus
Maxillae bone
• Zygomatic process
• Frontal process
*lateral surface:
-ant. Lacrimal crest
-vertical groove
*medial surface:
-ethmoidal crest
-agger nasi
*anterior border
* posterior border
alveolar process
*alveolar arch
*maxillary torus
Maxillae bone
• Palatine process
*inf. Surface
-incisive fossa
- incisive canals
-ant. & post. Incisive foramen
-incisive suture
-median intermaxillary palatal
suture
-palatine torus
*sup. Surface
*lateral border
*medial border
-ant. Nasal spine
-incisive crest
-nasal crest
*posterior border
Palatine bone
(horizontal and perpendicular plates, with three processes: pyramidal,
orbital and sphenoidal)
• Horizontal plate
*nasal surface
*palatine surface:
-palatine crest
-posterior border
-post. Nasal spine
-anterior border
-lateral border
-greater palatine
groove
-medial border
-nasal crest
Palatine bone
• Perpendicular plate
*nasal surface:
-conchal crest
-ethmoidal crest
*maxillary surface:
-greater palatine groove
-anterior border
-posterior border
-superior border
-orbital & sphenoidal
proc.
-sphenopalatine notch
-inferior border
Palatine bone
• Pyramidal process
*posterior surface
*lateral surface
*inferior surface
-lesser palatine foramina
orbital process
*three articular:
-anterior or maxillary
-posterior or sphenoidal
-medial or ethmoidal
*two non-articular
-superior or orbital
-lateral
Palatine bone
• Sphenoidal process
*superior surface:
-palatovaginal canal
*inferomedial surface
*lateral surface
*posterior border
*anterior border
*medial border
*sphenopalatine notch
Nasal bones
(two surfaces and four borders)
* External surface
- small venous foramen
* Internal surface
-Groove for the ant.
Ethmoidal nerve
* superior border
* inferior border
* lateral border
* medial border
- vertical crest
Lacrimal bone
(two surfaces and four borders)
• Lat. (orbital) surface
- post. Lacrimal crest
- fossa for the lacrimal sac
- lacrimal hamulus (lesser
lacrimal bone)
* med. (nasal) surface
- middle meatus
- ant. Ethmoidal air cells
* ant. Lacrimal border
* post. Lacrimal border
* sup. Lacrimal border
* inf. Lacrimal border
Vomer bone
(lateral surfaces and four borders)
• Surfaces:
- grooves for nasopalatine nerve and vessels
* sup. Border
- is thkickest
- alae articulate with:
1-sphenoidal conchae
2-sphenoidal proc. Palatine
3-vaginal proc. Med. Pterygoid plates and
helps to form the vomerovaginal canal
* inf. Border
- articulate with the median maxillary and
palatine nasal crests
* ant. Border
- is longest, articulates with
perpendicular plAate and nasal septal
cartilage
* post. border
Inferior nasal conchae
(two surface, borders and ends)
*medial surface
*lateral surface
*superior border:
-ant. Region
:maxillary conchal
crest
-post. Region
:palatine conchal
crest
-middle region :
-lacrimal process
-maxillary process
-ethmoidal process
*inferior border
Mandible bone (body, two ramus)
• Body
*external surface:
-median ridge
-symphysis menti
-triangular mental
protuberance
-mental tubercle
-mental foramen
-oblique line
* lower border or base
-digastric fossa
*upper border or
alveolar part
Mandible bone
• Internal surface:
-mylohyoid line
-submandibular fossa
-sublingual fossa
-mental spines or genial
tubercles
-mylohyoid groove
-lingual (genial) foramen
50%
-accessory mandibular
foramen
-torus mandibularis
Mandible bone
(mandibular ramus: two surfaces, four borders and two processes)
*medial surface
-mandibular foramen
-mandibular canal
-lingula
-mylohyoid groove
-inferior border
-angle
-upper border
-mandibular incisure
-coronoid process
-condylar process
-posterior border
-anterior border
Mandible bone
*lateral surface
*coronoid process
*condylar
process:
-head or condyle
-neck
-pterygoid fovea
Hyoid bone
(body, two greater and two lesser cornua)