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ELEKTROTEHNIKA 2
Polytechnics Pula
Accredited higher technical business school
Riva 6
52100 Pula
Academic year: 2010/11
SYLLABUS
COURSE: ELECTROTECHNICS 2
Study: Regular and irregular, attended on the 2nd year of study in 1st – winter semester
Number and mark of the course: 79676
Web site of the course: www.politehnika-pula.hr, Elektrotehnika
ECTS grades: 5 ECTS grades.
Class hours per semester: 30 (P) + 30 (AV) + 15 (S) + 15 (LV) + 12 (DZ) + 47 (SU) = 150
h Location of classes: Riva 6, lectures – small classroom no 1, laboratory for electrotechnics
and electronics, room no. 6
Main lecturer:
Scientific title, name, vocation: Prof. Luciano Delbianco,Ph.D., Higher education professor
and scientific associate
Room number:5
Time of consultations: Tuesday from 12 to 1 p.m. in the room no 5
Phone: 099 218 4103
e-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www. politehnika-pula.hr (elektrotehnika)
Associate: Zlatko Gašparović, eng., lecturer
Room number:
Time of consultations:
Phone: 098 855 224
e-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www. politehnika-pula.hr (elektrotehnika)
Associate: Radovan Jokić, M.Sc., eng
Room number:
Time of consultations:
Phone: 091 237 4468
e-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www. politehnika-pula.hr (elektrotehnika)
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1. PRECONDITIONS AND CORRELATIVITY
Expected general and specific competences of the students for application of
the course Electrotechnics 2
For the successful participation in the course Electrotechnics 2, the following is required:
- To have knowledge of the basic high school contents from elementary mathematics,
physics and informatics;
- To finish the courses Electrotechnics 1, Mathematics 1 and 2, Physics 1 and 2 and
Implementation of the electronic computers
- To adopt elementary mathematics, derivation, differential equations, integrals, vectors,
matrix calculus, orders and sequences and complex calculus;
- To know how to use Widows (Word, Microsoft Office Outlook, Microsoft Office
Excel, Microsoft Office Power Point) and Internet.
Preconditions
Before the attendance of the course, Mathematics 1 and 2 and Physics 1 and 2 have to be
finished.
Correlativity and correspondence of the course
There is no correlativity and correspondence with other first year courses, except partially
with Physics 2 in LC and RC oscillator in the course unit: electromagnetic waves, nonsilenced and silenced oscillations. The course is correspondent to the similar programs at the
higher education schools in Croatia and EU.
2. GOALS AND METHODS
Course goals
Within the course of Electrotechnics 2, the students are introduced to the basic notions, laws
and methods of analysis of the electronic circles of temporally alternating currents, and with
the laws which describe phenomenon and effects of the magnetic field from the qualitative
and quantitative, application aspect.
Learning outcomes and general competences
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After finishing and passing of the course, the students will be able:
1. To solve simpler and more complex networks of alternating currents;
2. To use the acquired knowledge in the similar courses (electronics, measurement,
automatization, electro-energetics etc.)
3. To use the acquired knowledge for independent learning
4. To follow the development of the electro-energetics and telecommunications
5. To participate or to innovate the electrical devices ;
6. To foresee and to solve the problem of electrical current dangers
7. To calculate the simpler electricity lines regarding the heating and drop of the voltage;
8. To calculate and construct small transformers (up to 1000VA);
9. To understand and to participate in solving the problems about the quality of the electric
energy;
Methods and ways of encouraging the achievement of the learning
outcomes and the general and specific competences
To realize the learning outcomes and related competences, the technology of the classes is
based upon the lectures, observatory-experimental methods, auditory exercises, practical and
laboratory exercises, seminary works, homeworks and the field classes (for example, the visit
of the electroenergetics museum Karojba). The lectures and the auditory exercises are
implemented every week in two terms, according to the time schedule 2 + 2 hours. Laboratory
exercises are implemented in 2 cycles for now, according to the plan of course realization.
3. COURSE IMPLEMENTATION
Lectures
The lectures are conducted according to the executive teaching program. The content of the
course is divided into the thematic units which are processed in weeks of classes. The topics
are grouped in three cycles, and the content of the course is, along with the theoretical
explanations, exercised also through the solving of the numerical equations, so that, through
the individual numerical examples, the theoretical knowledge is supplemented by practical
examples, and the general laws are established.
After each cycle, a written examination is conducted (inter-examination – partial
examination). For each topic, the students can read a document with detailed description of
the contents which will be the topic of the lectures.
Laboratory exercises
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During each cycle of lectures, the classes in laboratory are conducted, where the students are
introduced to the practical electrotechnics. In our web sites, the students can find the most
important data for preparation of these exercises (laboratory papers with the required
introduction, preparatory tasks and the manner of implementation of exercises etc.) Before
attending the exercises, the students have to be prepared (by making the preparatory
tasks), which will be evaluated by the exercise facilitator. One group consists of maximally
2 students. Each cycle of exercises can be the subject of evaluation on the final examination
or on the following partial examination.
Homeworks
During the semester, the students are given harder tasks from the field of alternate networks
(symbolic calculus), bridges of alternate current, magnetic circles, calculus of transformers
and silencers etc., which have to be solved according to the given instructions and submitted
according to the deadline defined by the plan of execution of specific activities. As a rule, 2
homeworks have to be done.
Seminary
During the semester, the students are given one seminary paper from the field of alternating
networks, bridges of alternating current, magnetic circles, calculation of transformers and
silencers etc., which have to be solved according to the given instructions and submitted
according to the deadline defined by the plan of execution of specific activities. Seminaty
paper is a teamwork of theoretic and practical contents, and the results of the work are
presented in public.
Tests/exercise tasks
Beside the testings made with the goal of grading and ranking, the students have at their
disposal tests (tasks) for self-examination of knowledge for every unit of the course; these are
a part of preparation for the inter-examinations (partial examinations). The tests are solved
independently, or in cooperation with the teachers. Although every question can be part of
examination, it is still useful and necessary to answer the questions from the previous
examinations. When the students prepare for examination, it is recommended to solve such
question individually.
Simulations and virtual laboratory
For better physical and mathematical explanation of individual parts of the course content,
there are adequate programs (these are the programs intended for the „transport“ within the
Internet), which can help in understanding of the individual physical-phenomenological
events related to electrotechnics. Individual „visualization“ contains the adequate description
of the physical phenomena, as well as the instruction for program operation.
Contemporary teaching methods include the computer technology in various manners. Beside
the large number of educative programs at the local level, in recent times, global systems of
teaching have been developed, which are based upon the implementation of Internet. By
distribution of the interactive teaching contents through the Internet network, their availability
and actuality is increased. Traditional forms of the classes are supplemented or even replaced
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by the so called distance learning, where the notion „distance“ is to be understood in the sense
that the student is not at the same place as the teacher. Here we have shown the part of the
course content Electrotechnics 2 which relate to the simulations and animations of the
experiment, i.e. to the visualization and explanation of some physical phenomena.
Computer technology enables the so-called virtual experiment. Of course, the virtual
experiment, i.e. simulation cannot replace the real experiment completely, but it can help in
preparation of execution of the real experiment, or it can be the supplement of the real
experiments. Certain real experiments, especially those from the fields of magnetism, which
require expensive equipment and specific environment, can be replaced by the virtual
experiments, with additional explanations. With the use of Internet, the experiment can be
transferred and reproduced in every location.
Consultations
For all questions and issues related to the course content, the students can ask other students,
assistants and professors. With this purpose, they are given the e-mails of the teaching
personnel and the possibility of personal consultation with the teachers in the defined terms.
Poll questions
On the initial page, there are poll questions with the goal of improvement of the classes. Poll
questions are changed during the semester (teaching process). Since the poll questions are a
part of the teaching process, the students are obliged to answer them (polls are anonymous).
Student obligations
During the individual cycle of the classes, the obligations of the students are:
- regular attendance and participation in classes;
- making of all laboratory exercises;
- writing and timely submitting of homeworks;
- teamwork in writing and making of the seminary paper;
- preparation for the examination (inter-examination), as well as for other tests of knowledge.
For preparation of the inter-examinations and final examinations and other tests of
knowledge, the students have, beside their notes from the lectures, the following course
materials on their disposal:
- slides from the lectures on Web;
- numerical tasks for exercises (Collection of exercises from Electrotechnics 2) as the
written material in the form of scripts, which can be acquired in the School administration
department.
- consultations with the teacher in accordance with the published weekly schedule.
Various course materials can be found on the WEB sites of Electrotechnics.
Evaluation of the achieved outcomes in learning (grading of the acquired
knowledge)
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Each cycle is completed with the written examination (inter-examination or partial
examination). The examination is taking place in the week after the class cycle,
simultaneously for all students. After the last cycle of lectures, the students are obliged to pass
the final examination. The final examination envelops the questions from the total course
content, and it consists of written and oral part.
4. FORMS OF KNOWLEDGE EVALUATION AND GRADING
During the semester, the attendance of the students on the classes is monitored, and the
execution of the obligations is evaluated.
After each course unit, the evaluation of the students' knowledge is conducted through the
oral examinations and through the quick tests; these tests are not graded.
After each cycle of lectures, students have to pass the inter-examination. A student who does
not achieve the required minimal result is obliged to repeat the inter-examination. At the end
of the course, the students approach the final examination.
The criteria for approaching the final examination for the students are following.
- Regular attendance on the classes (of 30 classes, they can be absent 8 times);
- Activity on classes;
- Passing of all laboratory exercises;
- Writing the homework on time;
- Writing, making and presenting the team seminary work;
- Passing of all three inter-examinations.
The students who have not achieved enough number of points on the final examination to get
the positive grade will be enabled to approach another evaluation of knowledge on repeated
final examination.
Repeated final examination can be approached also by the students who
have achieved positive grade on the first final examination, but are not
satisfied with the grade. Each student who approaches the repeated final
examination will have his/her points achieved on the first final examination
erased.
The students who have not achieved positive grade on the repeated final examination will be
enabled to approach another repeated examination in April.
All the previously mentioned activities and obligations in the course are
evidenced in the students' diary.
Elements of knowledge evaluation and the allocated points
1. Class attendance
0 to 5 points
•
Up to 4 absences
5 points
•
5 to 8 absences
3 points
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•
more than 8 absences
0 points
2. Homeworks
0 to 5 points
•
1 homework – magnetism
0 to 2,5 points
•
1 homework – alternate current
0 to 2,5 points
The number of points depends upon the accurary of the answers, upon the articulation and
orderliness, timely submittal etc.
3. Seminary paper
0 to 5 points
4. Inter-examination 1
0 to 15 points
15 questions with 5 possible answers.
Correct answer brings 1,0 point, incorrect answer -0,5 points, non-answering 0 points. Interexamination lasts 75 minues. For passing grade, the student has to achieve at least 8 points.
5. Inter-examination 2
0 to 15 points
15 questions with 5 possible answers.
Correct answer brings 1,0 point, incorrect answer -0,5 points, non-answering 0 points. Interexamination lasts 75 minues. For passing grade, the student has to achieve at least 8 points.
6. Inter - examination 3
0 to 15 points
15 questions with 5 possible answers.
Correct answer brings 1,0 point, incorrect answer -0,5 points, non-answering 0 points. Interexamination lasts 75 minues. For passing grade, the student has to achieve at least 8 points.
7. Laboratory exercises:
0 to 10 points
Execution, processing and submittal of 5 laboratory exercises.
Each exercise carries 0 to 2 points.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Total of points during the classes: (1 ÷ 7): maximum 70 points
8. Final examination:
Final examination consists of oral examination.
0 to 30 points
TOTAL (1÷8):
100 points (100%)
The student can acquire a total of 100 points.
The number of points is also shown in percentage (%).
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The final (oral) examination can be approached by the students who have, during the
semester, acquired at least 35 points – at least 8 points on each of the interexaminations; they are also required to attend the classes regularly, to make homeworks
and seminary paper, to conduct the laboratory exercises and to submit the laboratory
papers; the students cannot have 0 points from any of the above mentioned elements.
To pass the examination, the student has to acquire at least 50 points.
The questions in the oral part of examination can be asked from any part of the course content,
laboratory exercises, homeworks or inter-examinations (partial examinations). The students are
given the list of possible questions.
Formation of the final grade: Numerical system of the points is compared with the ECTS
system of grades, as follows:
90 to 100 points
77 to 89 points
64 to 76 points
51 to 63 points
0 to 50 points
excellent
very good
good
satisfactory
unsatisfactory
A
B
C
D,E
FX,F
5
4
3
2
1
5. CONTENT OF THE COURSE, LABORATORY EXERCISES
AND EXAMINATIONS
Content summary
Basics of magnetis, inductivity and inter-inductivity. Periodically alternate electrical units.
Principles of solving of the circles of alternate current in the complex area. RLC circles.
Frequential characteristics. Power in the circles of alternate current. Circles of alternate
current with several sources. Three-phase systems. Circles with harmonically placed units.
Transfer phenomenon.
Content of laboratory exercises:
1. Oscilloscope measurement of the network voltage parameters and the half-wave and twowave corrected network voltages.
2. Serial resonance.
3. RLC connectors ( measurement of the important parameters of the inductive connector FC)
4. Measurement of the magnetic flow density (laws of field distribution in the vicinity of
small transformer).
5. Connection into star and triangle.
6. LITERATURE
Obligatory
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V. Pinter: Osnove elektrotehnike, part I and II, seventh issue, Tehnička knjiga, Zagreb, 1989.
L. Delbianco: Lectures from Electrotechnics 2 published on the Web sites of the Higher
technical school – Polytechnics study Pula) ( www.politehnika-pula.hr )
R. Čuturilo et al.: Zbirka zadataka iz Elektrotehnike 2, Temporal issue, Visoka tehnička
škola-Politehnički studij Pula, 2000. (skriptarnica VTŠ-e).
Additional literature
E. Šehović, M. Tkalić, I Felja: Osnove elektrotehnike - zbirka primjera, part I, fifth issue,
Školska knjiga, Zagreb,1992.
Tony R. Kuphaldt: Lessons In Electric Circuits, Volume I - VI , Fifth Edition, last update
October 18, 2006.
R. Boylestad: Introductory Circuit Analysis, Fifth Edition, Merrill Publishing Company,
1987.
B. Kuzmanović: Osnove elektrotehnike I i II, Element, Zagreb, 2000 (2002).
B. Jajac: Teorijske osnove elektrotehnike, svezak II i III, Graphis, Zagreb, 2007.
Links
There exist an enormous number of links related to the notions from electrotechnics. Some of
these are:
http://webphysics.davidson.edu/
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/
http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11d/
http://www.k-wz.de/
http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/
http://users.skynet.be/orbus/history1.htm
http://www.ocw.mit.edu/index.html
http:evangelion.mit.edu/802teal3d/
http://www.falstad.com/
http://www.circuit-magic.com/
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/index.html
http://www.dwiarda.com/scientific/Bridge.html
http://www.ngsir.netfirms.com/
http://www.virtual-oscilloscope.com/
http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/electricCircuits/index.htm
http://www.hazelwood.k12.mo.us/~grichert/sciweb/electric.htm
http://lorentz.cc.fer.hr/
http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/math_demos_folder/
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7. OPERATIONAL PLAN OF CLASSES
Plan of lectures from ELECTROTECHNICS 2 per weeks and hours
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Week Hour
Topic
1
2+2 ELECTROMAGNETISM. Permanenet and electro magnets. Magnetic
force fields, flow and density, magnetic permeability and excitation, law of
flow.
2
2+2 Biot – Savart's law. Helmholtz yokes. Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's
law. (Lenz's law). Shift voltage. Self-induction. Inter-induction.
3
2+2 Forces in the magnetic fields. Amper's law in elementary form. Hall's
voltage. Coulomb's law.
4
2+2 Matter in magnetic field. Absolute and relative permeability. Curve of iron
magnetization. Magnetic hysteresis. Magnetic circle, serial connection.
Parallel connection of magnetic voltages.
5
2+2 Energy of the magnetic flow. Connection of the inductive yoke to the direct
voltage. Energy of the yoke system. Sheme of energy transformation in (p,t)
and (B,H) diagram. Attractive force of magnets. Permanent magnets.
6
2
2
1st inter-examination
ALTERNATING CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES. Basic considerations
about the changeable currents. Alternate currents Sinusoid changeable
currents. Effects of alternate current. Medium and effective value.
Electrolitical medium value. Proportional factors.
7
2+2 Connection of the omic, inductive and capacity resistance of inductive
resistance. Power, energy and power factor of alternate current. The angle of
the phase shift of current and voltage. Triangle power. Pseudo power
8
2+2 Vector image of the sinusoid values.
Složeniji strujni krugovi izmjenične struje. Serijski spoj R i L i R i C.
Serijski spoj R, L i C. Paralelni spojevi. Djelatna i jalova komponenta
napona i struje.
9
2+2 Simbolički način rješavanja mreža izmjenične struje. Serijski spoj R, L, C.
Kompleksna impedancija. Paralelni spoj R, L, C. Kompleksna vodljivost.
10
2+2 Ohmov zakon i Kirchhoffova pravila u kompleksnom obliku. Mješoviti
spojevi R, L, C. Proračun mreža izmjeničnih struja. Mostovi izmjenične
struje.
11
12
2
2nd inter-examination
2
Polyphase currents. Three-phase current. Non-related three-phase systems.
Symmetric three-phase systems in star connection. Relation of phase and
line values. Triangle connection. Star connection.
2+2
Order of phases of 3-phase system. Artificial nul-point. Rotating magnetic
field of three-phase current. Two- and four-phased system. Power of threephase current.
13
2+2 Inter-inductivity in alternate current
11 networks. Air transformers, general
equation
and
supplement
sheme,
constructions.
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2+2 Non-sinusoide alternate currents, effective values and power of nonsinusoide values, disfigurement factor. Response of RC, CR, RL and LR
2009
ELEKTROTEHNIKA 2
CONTENT OF THE COURSE
ELECTROMAGNETISM. Introduction, permanent magnets and electromagnets. Magnetic field,
image, types, direction. Values for the quantitative description of the magnetic field, analogies:
Coulomb's law, absolute and relative permeability, measuring unit. Magnetic field of straight
conductor and yoke. Biot-Savart’s law and its applications to simpler cases, Helmholtz’s yokes.
Forces on the straight current conductor in magnetic field. Electrodynamic forces, resistance of the
electric facilities and devices, electrodynamic instruments. Laws of electromagnetic induction, shift
voltage, induction of voltage by change of the flow, self-induction. Self-inductivity. Lenz’s law.
Calculation of inductivity for simpler practical cases. Mutual induction, inter-inductivity, factor of
connection, transformers. Switching on and off of the yoke with R and L in direct electricity circle.
ALTERNATING CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES. Basic considerations about changing
currents. Changing values in general. Meaning of the reference direction. Signifying by the double
indeks. Quantity of the electricity flow. Periodically changeable currents. Alternating currents.
Sinusoid changeable currents. Phase angle and phase shift of the changeable values. Effects of the
alternating current. Electrolisis or chemical effect. Electrical heat. Creating of the magnetic field.
Measuring of the changeable electric values. Medium value. Effective value. Electrolitical medium
value. Proportional factors. Principle of generators of alternating voltage. Current and voltage
relations in the alternating current circles. Connection of the om resistance. Connection of the
inductive resistance. Connection of the capacitor. Power and energy of the alternating current.
Angle of the phase shift of current and voltage. Power of the alternating current and power factor.
Graphic image of the power of alternating current. Triangle of powers. Pseudo power. Graphical
image of energy in temporal domain. Vector image of the sinusoid values. Mathematic basics of
vector imaging. Adding and subtracting of the alternating values. Complex electric circles of
alternating current. Serial connection R and L. Serial connection R and C. Serial connection R, L and
C. Parallel connections. Functional and barren component of voltage and current. Real yokes and
capacitors.
Symbolic manner of solving the alternating current networks. Use of the complex
calculus in solving the alternating current networks, forms of complex numbers. Serial connection R,
L, C. Complex impendancy. Parallel connection R, L, C. Complex conductibility. Ohm's law and
Kirchhoff's rules in complex form. Examples of symbolic calculus in networks of the alternating
current networks. Mixed connections R, L, C. Alternating current networks (method of contour
currents, Thevenin's method etc.) Bridges of alternating currents. Power imaged in complex area.
Theorem of maximum of useful power in the alternating current networks. Resonance in power
circles of alternating current. Serial resonance. Characteristics of frequency. Parallel resonance.
Frequency characteristics. Polyphase currents. Three-phased currents. Principle of three-phase
generator construction. Non-related three-phased systems. Symmetrical three-phased systems in star
connection. Relation of phase and line values. Triangle connection. Star connection. Order of phases in
3-phased system. Artificial nul-point. Rotational magnetic field of three-phased current. Symmetric
component of non-symmetric systems. General data about polyphase systems. Two-phase and
four-phase system. Power of three-phase current. Inter-inductivity in alternate current networks.
General considerations about directions of the induced voltages with the application of L and M
coefficients. Application of the magnetic flows to the voltage calculation. Resultant inductivity, of the
serially connected yokes. Air transformers. General equation and supplement sheme. Reduction of the
secundary values of transformers. Making, safety transformers. Non-sinusoid alternating currents.
Basic notions, origin, frequent analysis. Effective values and power of the non-sinusoid values, factor
of deformation. Reduction and removing of higher harmonics. Response of RC and CR network to
right-angled and sequence of right-angled impulses. Response of RL and LR network to right-angled
and sequence of right-angled impulses. .
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2+2
SELECTED CHAPTERS Electro-energetics.
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ELEKTROTEHNIKA 2
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x
3rd inter-examination
Final examination
Sadržaj međuispita i završnog ispita
18
2
Repeated inter-examination
Inter-examination 1 : Magnetic fields
Inter-examination
2: Periodically changeable currents and vector imaging of the
19
x
sinusoid values.
Repeatedthree-phase
final examination
Inter-examination 3 : Symbolic calculus,
systems and non-sinusoid
values.
Final examination : Consists of oral examination and envelops total course content, including the
laboratory exercises and homeworks.
Questions from Electrotechnics 2:
Notion: Every question includes:
1. Physical image of the problem
2. Practical – experimential foundations
3. Analitical expressions (mathematic) and extrapolation of simpler formulas
4. Explanation of the problem through drawing, if needed
5. Vectorial images, if needed
Magnetism
1. What are the magnets, types, poles, attraction and repulsion
2. Magnetic field, notion, image, direction, types
3. Magnetic flow, notion, units and measurement
4. Coulombo's law for magnetism, abs. and rel. permeability
5. Power of the magnetic field, magnetic induction, magnetic voltage, units, measurement, relations
6. Magnetic field of the straight conductior, field of more conductors
7. Magnetic field of yoke
8. Helmholtz's yokes
9. Force on straight current conductor in magnetic field
10. Force on the current curve in magnetic field, principle of electromotor operation, instruments with
movable yoke
11. Electrodynamic forces, damages in facilities and use for electrodynamic instruments
12 .Induction of voltage by „cutting“ the force fields, principle of work of generator
13. Induction of voltage by change of the flow
14. Voltage of self-induction, inductivity
15. Lenz's law and applications
16. Calculation of inductivity of cylindrical yokes
17. Mutual induction, inter-inductivity, connection factor, principle of work of transformer
18. Switching on and off of yoke with R and L in the direct current circle
19. Serial, parallel and mixed connection of inductivity
20. Forces in magnetic field on the charges in motion, directing the electronic spout, Hall's generator
21. Iron magnetizing, curve of first magnetizing
22. Hysteresis
23. Division of matter in magnetic sense
24. Laws of magnetic circle, law of magnetic flow, magnetic resistance
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25. Serial, parallel and mixed magnetic resistance (examples)
26. Permanent magnets
27. Biot – Savart's law, calculation of B in the center of the circular curve
28. Energy of the magnetic field
29. Bearing force of the magnets
Alternating currents
30. Origin of synus voltages, analitical expression of sinus voltage, phase-shifted voltages
31. Characteristic values of the alternate units
32. Proportional factors
33. Skin effect
34. Functional device in the alternate current circle, vector images
35. Ideal coil in the alternate current circle, vector images
36. Ideal capacitor in alternate current circle, vector images
37. Operational power, energy and work
38. Futile power, energy and work
39. Pseudo power, triangle of powers
40. Power factor (first harmonics)
41. Repairing of power factor
42. Serial connection R and L
43. Serial connection R and C
44. Serial connection R, L and C
45. Multiplex serial connections R, L and C
46. Parallel connections RLC, vector images, conductibility, power
47. Triangle of currents, resistance, power and voltage, conductibility
48. Serial resonance
49. Parallel resonance
50. Real yoke
51. Real capacitor, angle of losses
52. Alternating units shown in complex numbers
53. Algebraic, exponential, polar and trigonometric form of the complex number and mat. Operation
54. Bridges of alternate current, equation of bridge balance for the single type of bridge
55. Two-phase system, line and phase values, neutral conductor
56. What is three-phase voltage and current, origins
57. Non-related three-phase system
58. Connection of gen. and transformera into star, line and phase values
59. Connection of gener. and transf. into triangle
60. Connection of devices into star and triangle
61. Symmetric burdening
62. Non-symmetric burdening – connection into star with nul-conductor, calculation of current through
nul-conductor
63. Non-symmetric burdening: connection into star without nul-conductor, calculation of voltage of
devices
64. Determining the voltage of nul-point according to Millman
65. Power of three – phase system (for connection into star and triangle)
66. Symmetric components of non-symmetric systems, factor of non-symmetry
67. Revolving magnetic field, principle of asynchronic and synchronic motors, sliding and number of
torns of the motor
68. One-phase real transformer: principle, physical image, transferial proportion
14
DINP: ELEKTROTEHNIKA 2
2009
ELEKTROTEHNIKA 2
69. Backlash, short circuit and transformer load
70. Basics of the transformer calculus, basic equation of the calculus
71. Yoke with iron – silencers, application
72. Types of transformers, autotransformers
73. Non-synusoid values: origins, frequent analysis
74. Power of non-synusiod values, effective value of current
75. Distortion factor
76. Reduction and removal of higher harmonics
77. RC network: response to the right-angled impulse
78. CR network: response to right-angled impulse
79. RL and LR networks: response to right-angled impulse
80. Compensation of power factor in the three-phased system
15
DINP: ELEKTROTEHNIKA 2
2009