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The Cold War comes to the Americas
Just 90 miles off the coast
of Florida is Cuba…
In 1959, Fidel Castro leads
the Cuban Revolution…
Castro and Che Guevara preach revolution
and inspire millions… US business interests
in Latin America threatened
From the Bay
of Pigs
Invasion
to the
Cuban Missile
Crisis
Pair-Share:
Where is Cuba in relation to the U.S.?
Why would the U.S. be concerned about communism coming to the U.S.?
The Bay of Pigs
Invasion
April 17, 1961
The Cold War comes to the Americas
Just 90 miles off the coast
of Florida is Cuba…
In 1959, Fidel Castro leads
the Cuban Revolution…
Castro and Che Guevara preach revolution
and inspire millions… US business interests
in Latin America threatened
The Bay
of Pigs
• the CIA trains and
equips a group of Cuban
exiles to attack Castro
• the group lands at the
Bay of Pigs and plans to
take over Cuba in 1961
• The invasion fails
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
Containment
Policy
Castro becomes
Communist
leader of Cuba
CAUSES
The U.S.
refused to
recognize
Castro as leader
Cuba aligns
with the Soviet
Union
triggered
The Bay
of Pigs
Invasion
EFFECTS
Was it Successful?
• NO! The plot was an absolute failure. Cubans
did not join the rebellion as planned resulting
in a quick defeat.
• President Kennedy’s reputation internationally
diminished as he received the blame for the
failure, whereas Fidel Castro’s status increased
dramatically for having stood up against the
Americans.
Bay of Pigs: Consequences
• Castro remains in power
• Castro is seen as a hero for
standing up to the United
States
• Cuba and the USSR
strengthen ties
• Kennedy administration is
humiliated
• Kennedy will want to prove
himself when dealing with
Cuba in the future
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
Containment
Policy
Castro remains
in power
Castro becomes
Communist
leader of Cuba
Castro is seen
as a hero
CAUSES
The U.S.
refused to
recognize
Castro as leader
Cuba aligns
with the Soviet
Union
triggered
The Bay
of Pigs
Invasion
EFFECTS
Kennedy is
humiliated
Kennedy will
want to prove
himself
The Cuban Missile Crisis
October 1962
Introduction
• Although Castro had defeated the Cuban exiles’ invasion
at the Bay of Pigs, he was still in fear of the United States.
So he asked his friend, Soviet Chairman Khrushchev, for
more help. He go it.
• For 13 chilling days in October 1962 it seemed that
Kennedy and Khrushchev were playing out the opening
scenes of World War III. This was the closest we ever got
to nuclear war.
Missiles Found in Cuba
• When President Kennedy took office he quickly increased
the American nuclear arsenal to demonstrate American
military strength. NATO also placed missiles in Turkey
aimed directly at the Soviet Union.
• In retaliation, the U.S.S.R secretly placed nuclear
weapons in Cuba capable of reaching the U.S. The Cuban
missiles were also to prevent another U.S invasion of
Cuba to overthrow Castro.
Describe what you see in these pictures
Possible Resolutions
1. Ignore it. It’s only fair that the Soviets can have
missiles in Cuba since we have missiles in Turkey.
2. To prevent Soviet ships from transferring missiles to
Cuba, the U.S. can set up a naval blockade.
3. Negotiate: Suggest that the U.S. will remove missiles
from Turkey if the Soviets remove their missiles from
Cuba.
4. Destroy the missile sites on Cuba with an air strike
followed by an invasion of Cuba.
5. Declare War on Cuba.
Kennedy Announces Blockade
• On October 22 Kennedy announced a
strict quarantine of military equipment
shipped to Cuba.
• He appealed to Krushchev to remove the
missiles immediately.
• He also warned that if the Soviets
launched a nuclear attack, the United
States would do the same.
Krushchev’s Response
• On October 23rd Krushchev wrote a letter to Kennedy
expressing that he would NOT observe the blockade.
• Work on the missile sites continued uninterrupted
and would soon be operational.
• Since the blockade was a failure, Kennedy’s advisors
suggested an immediate airstrike on the missile sites.
• The world was now on the brink of nuclear war…….
Krushchev Make a Deal
• After 13 very intense days, Krushchev told
Kennedy that he would remove his missiles
from Cuba if the U.S. withdrew the blockade,
promised never to invade Cuba and withdrew
the missiles from Turkey.
What do you think Kennedy did?
• The President agreed to the first two demands
but refused to withdraw the missiles from
Turkey.
Here we see the
Soviet Premier,
Nikita Krushchev
in the form of a
dentist.
He is working on
his patient, the
Cuban leader,
Fidel Castro.
In an agreement
to end the Cuban
Missile Crisis,
Krushchev agreed
to remove the
nuclear missiles
the Russians put
on the island of
Cuba.
Six months later,
President
Kennedy quietly
removed
American Jupiter
missiles from
Turkey, on the
border of the
USSR.