Download Biotic Resources

BIOTIC RESOURCES
All these natural objects which can regenerate and
reproduce are known as Biotic resources.
FORESTS
A duster of trees is known as forests. Fouls are
the natural resource of every country and
these effect the economic development of a
country.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORESTS.
1.
3.
5.
Rainfall
Wild
Scope
2.Temp.
4.Sunlight
6.Soils
TYPE OF FORESTS
Forests are generally classified into 3 main types.
1.
The Topical Rain Forests
a)
Equatorial Rain Forests
b)
Monsoonal Forests.
2. The temperate deciduas forests.
3.
The Coniferous Forests
1. The tropical Rain Forests.
These are found on both sides of
equator b/w 50N Latitude & 50 South
Latitude. These are found in basics of
Amazon river in S. America, Congo
basin of Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Rainfall is high and hence forests are
evergreen.
Tropical Rain forests can be divided into
2 types :1. Equatorial Forests – These remain green for the
entire year. Their wood cannot be used as timber.
Types of trees found are Ebony, Rosewood, Ivory
wood or –
2. Monsoonal Forest – These are found in
countries of S-E Asia. These are less devise. The
wood of these forests is hard. Main types of trees
are saal, Bamboo, Teak, Sandalwood.
2. The Temperate forests.
These are found in those area where the
rainfall and temperate is average.
•The trees of these forests shed their leave
in winter.
•Main trees are Oak, Beech, Popular &
Chest Nut.
3. Coniferous Forests
•These are found in Himalayas and
Alps.
•The trees are mainly long, straight &
evergreen.
•The wood of these forest soft & light
in weight.
WILD LIFE
Wild life depends upon the climate and other
natural diversities of a particular area Wild life
can be classified into ten types on the basis of
natural environment :-
Wildlife of Grasslands :- it includes
natural regions like Savanna, Prairie and
Steppe. Wild Bison, Kangaroos, Zebras,
African elephant, buffalo, giraffe, antelopes
and many birds are found.
Wildlife of Arid Lands – Hot and cold
dissect areas are called arid lands. Lions, Lynx,
Springbok. Porcupines and few birds are
found.
Wildlife of Polar regions - These
include regions of Antarctica and Arctic. The
animals found in these regions range b/w
microscopic krill to the biggest blue whales,
penguins, walrus and polar bear etc. are found.
Wildlife of Boreal Forest – Boreal forest
sustain many birds and animals. Wild life
thriving in these forests include red squirrel,
Mule deer, Red deer, Beaver, Moose and
Canadian lynx.
Wildlife of mountains :- Wildlife of
mountains include Gorilla, Lion, Eagle,
leopard, pandas and yak.
The Wildlife of Islands :- All the islands
of the world are replete with wildlife and
plaints. All the rare species of the world can be
traced in these islands e.g. Lemurs, ten tree,
tortoise, dodo, red frog, sea lion, penguin,
Iguana etc.
Wildlife of Oceans – It includes species of
whales, dolphins, fish and marine birds.
Wildlife of Fresh Water – Wildlife of
fresh water ranges between micro-plants, all
types of birds, animals and amphibians. These
include flamingo, pelican, kingfisher,
hippopotamus, brown bear, water buffalo etc.
Wildlife of Tropical Forests - High
temp. and rainfall contribute a lot in their
development, Lions, Apes, Wolf, Gorilla,
Peacock, Rhinoceros, frogs, Lizards etc. live in
tropical forests.
Wildlife of Temperate Forests. – Red
deer, fox, eagle, wood pecker, stag and bear are found in
temperate forests.
LIVE STOCK
Live-Stock plays an important role in the life of
man.
DAIRY FARMING
Bringing up of cattle for milk and milk
products is called dairy farming. Cow is the
most important amongst all about 90% of the
total milk production in the world is obtained
from cow.
GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS
REQUIRED FOR DAIRY FARMING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Climate
Evergreen Grassland
Water
Nearness to Market
Developed Means of transportation.
Scientific Development
Medical Facilities
Skilled Labour
Capital
Principal areas of Dairy Farming in
the World.
1.United States of AmericaDairy region of U.S.A. is situated in N.E. of the
country. It includes Wisconsin, Illinois, N.
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Indiana
and New Jersey.
2.India –
Most of the milk animals are found in the
Northern part of India specially in Punjab,
Haryana and W.U.P.
3. Russian Federation –
Dairy Farming is divided into the following
regions –
a)
Baltic Region
b)
Maslow Region
c)
Volga Region
d)
North Caucasus Region
e)
Steppe Region.
4.Germany –
Dairy farming is found in Holstein , lower
Saxony, N. Rhine Region.
5.France –
Dairy farming is found in Northern &
Southern areas of the country. The Northern
region is famous for butter while Southern for
cheese.
6.Brazil –
Milch animals are brought up in the plateau of
minas Gereas The Coastal climate is also
suitable for milk animals.
7.G. BritainThe main dairy farming centers are situated at
Cornwall, Devon , Somerset and oxford.
8.N. Zealand –
the climate of the country is suitable for dairy
farming : its dairy farming industry is located
in the coastal areas of Northern Islands.
9.Netherlands –
Milk animals are brought up in the whole of
the country but New Jersey region is ahead of
all.
10.Argentina –
their Country has more importance for meat
cattle than milk cattle. Milk animals are
brought up in Pampas grasslands.
11.Denmark –
It is famous for the production of butter.
About 80% of the milk produced is converted
to butter.
Wool
Wool is an important raw material for the
manufacture of woolen textiles. It is generally
of two types:•Natural Wool
•Synthetic Wool
Sources of wool are sheep, goat and yak.
Races of Sheep
1.Marino sheep – Mediterranean region
2.English sheep – England and New Zealand
3.Hybrid sheep – Australia & New Zealand
Geographical conditions required
for sheep rearing
1.Cool & dry climate
2.Rugged topography
3.Availability of market
Principal wool producing areas of
the world.
1.China : The main sheep rearing regions are sikiang,
Manchuria, shantung, Human, Sanshi, Shenshi.
2.Australia: Sheep are reared in areas of Queensland, New
South Wales and Eastern Highlands.
3.India : H.P., J&K, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
and Karnataka are the important states for sheep rearing.
4.Iran: The mains sheep rearing zone of Iran is situated in
Khorasan, Karmanshati and Mazarderan.
5.Sudan:- Sheep is reared in the north and Central regions.
White and Blue Nile region is also famous for sheep rearing.
6.New Zealand: Sheep are reared in the mountainous regions
situated along the plains of Canterbury and eastern slopes of
Alps mountains.
7.United Kingdom: Sheep rearing is found in Pannier region
and areas of eastern England and Scottish Highlands.
8.South Africa: It is carried out at Great Karoo, Orange state
and Transvaal region.
9.Spain:- Sheep are mostly reared in Central Plateaus and
mountainous slopes.
10.Argentina: Patagonian Plateau and pampas are important
for sheep rearing.
AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Agriculture includes production of crops,
animal husbandry, poultry farming, bee
keeping and pisciculture.
Geographical conditions influencing
agriculture
1.
2.
3.
Climate
(a) Temperature
(b) Rainfall
(c) Wind
Topography
Soils
Cereal Crops
Wheat
Areas famous for wheat production are:1.China – Wheat is the principal crop of N. China. Hawang
Ho and Wei Ho Valleys are famous for wheat production.
2.India – Punjab, Haryana, U.P. & Bihar are famous for wheat
cultivation. It is also grown in J&K, Uttranchal & H.P.
3.Russian Federation – Volga, Trans-Ural and Kazakh
regions are famous for wheat production.
4.USA – West Minnesota, North and South Dabota, Kansas,
Texas, Colorado, Ohio, Illinios, Indiana and Maryland are
famous for wheat cultivation.
5.France – About 50 % of the wheat comes from Paris basin of
France.
6.Ukraine – North Caucasus region is well known for wheat
cultivation.
7.Australia – Marry-Darling region including New South
Wales, Victoria and S.W. Australia are famous for wheat
cultivation.
8.Canada – Alberta, Ontario and Quebec are important for
wheat cultivation.
9.Argentina – Wheat is cultivated in the Pampas region of
Argentina.
10.U.K. – Wheat is mainly cultivated in England and Scotland.
RICE
1.China – Szechwan, Kiangsu, Hunan and Yunan are leading
rice producing areas of China.
2.India – West Bengal, Assam, M.P., Chhattisgarh, Bihar, U.P.,
Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu are rice producing
states.
3.Indonesia – N. Coastal plains of Java, N.E. & N.W. Coastal
areas of Sumatra, W. Coasts of Borneo are important rice
producing regions of Indonesia.
4.Bangladesh – Cultivation of rice is mainly done along the
Ganga & Brahmaputra rivers.
5.Vietnam – Rice is cultivated in the delta areas of Red River,
torankin and Mekong Delta.
6.Thailand – Flood plains of Menem river and its deltaic
regions is famous for rice cultivation.
7.Mynamar – Middle Irrawadi valley, Lower valley of Salwin
river, river valley of sitang river and Akyab region are famous.
8.Japan – Honshu island is the leading region of rice
cultivation. Shikoku and Kyshu are also important for rice
cultivation.
9.Brazil – Rice cultivation is limited in the Amazon valley.
10.U.S.A. – Arkansas, California are important for rice
cultivation.
MAIZE
1.U.S.A. – W. Virginia, New York, N. Dacota, Michigan,
Arizona, Pennsylvania and Hinconsin are important for maize
cultivation.
2.China – Delta for Hawang Ho river, Hopei and Shanshi are
the chief corn producing areas.
3.Brazil – Sao Paulo, Rio Grande and Santa Catherins are the
important areas.
4.Mexico – Mexican plateau which include Jelisco, Gurkan
Zuite and Mexico.
5.Franc e- In France maize is cultivated in the S.W. areas of
the country.
6.Argentina – It includes the Pampas region, Buenos Aires
and eastern part of Corodonia.