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Cranial Nerves The Complicated Group Cranial Nerves V, VII, IX, X, XI Overview location of cranial nerves nerves exit brain stem ventrolaterally components branchial motor all (or nearly all) innervate muscles derived from gill arch components motor neurons in pons ( ________ ) and medulla ( _________ ) are located lateral to midline near sulcus limitans motor neurons in upper cervical spinal cord ( ____ ) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 branchiomeric muscles gill slits visceral motor some of these CNs ( _________________ ) innervate smooth muscle and glands separate motor nuclei (with one possible exception) for smooth muscle and for branchiomeric muscle visceral sensory from visceral organs “____________visceral” ( _____________ ) from taste buds “____________visceral” ( ____________________ ) somatic sensory innervate front and side of head primarily ______ focus is on trigeminal tract and nucleus of the trigeminal tract with lesser contributions from __________________ Cranial Nerve XI Accessory Nerve components motor 1) branchial location of motor neurons upper cervical spinal cord medulla foramen magnum innervates muscles cervical Sp Cd CN 11 nucleus CN IX CN X note on CN XI series of rootlets action of SCM sternocleidomastoid muscle action turning head muscle problems difficulty in turning head X SCM affected trapezius action of Trapezius muscle action shoulders muscle problems shoulders X Trapezius affected accessory nucleus figure 12-2 accessory nucleus from figure 12-22 Cranial Nerve X Vagus Nerve components motor 1) branchial location of motor neurons innervates branchial muscles may innervate cardiac muscle 2) visceral location of motor neurons autonomic innervates smooth muscles and glands via multiple ganglia sensory 1A) general visceral sensory input from terminates in nucleus 1B) taste - special visceral sensory input from taste buds terminates in nucleus 2) somatic sensory input from region of the ear PNS CNS CN V pharynx and meninges CN VII nucleus of the trigeminal tract CN IX passes into terminates in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus principal sesory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve CN X trigeminal tract superior ganglion inferior ganglion intramural ganglia nucleus ambiguus (NA) soft palate solitary tract and nucleus (STN) levator veli palatini trigeminal tract and nucleus (TTN) vagal motor nucleus (VMN) soft palate levator veli palatini uvula “AHHHHH!” LMN disorder uvula “AHHHHH!” Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal components motor 1) branchial location of motor neurons innervates branchial muscles 2) visceral location of motor neurons autonomic innervates smooth muscles and glands via ___________ ganglion sensory 1A) general visceral sensory input from terminates in ______________ nucleus 1B) taste - special visceral sensory input from taste buds terminates in ______________ nucleus 2) somatic sensory input from region of the ear PNS CNS principal sesory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve CN V pharynx passes into mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus CN VII nucleus of the trigeminal tract CN IX CN X terminates in trigeminal tract STN VMN superior ganglion inferior ganglion TTN NA otic ganglion nucleus ambiguus (NA) solitary tract and nucleus (STN) trigeminal tract and nucleus (TTN) vagal motor nucleus (VMN) inferior salivatory nucleus (ISN) visceral sensory autonomic motor branchial motor ISN solitary nucleus VMN NA XI figure 12-22 ISN = Inferior Salivatory Nucleus VMN = Vagal Motor Nucleus trigeminal nuclei NA = Nucleus Ambiguus XI = Accessory Nucleus from figure 12-15 III EW midbrain IV VI pons ISN XII STN NA medulla TTN VMN cervical spinal cord XI figure 12-2 (5,6) ISN = Inferior Salivatory Nucleus VMN = Vagal Motor Nucleus NA = Nucleus Ambiguus XI = Accessory nucleus EW = Edinger Westphal (III) STN = Solitary nucleus III = Oculomotor Nucleus TTN = Trigeminal tract IV = Trochlear Nucleus nucleus VI = Abducens Nucleus MES = Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus XII = Hypoglossal Nucleus Cranial Nerve VII Facial Nerve components motor 1) branchial location of motor neurons ___________________ nucleus innervates branchial muscles 2) visceral location of motor neurons _________________________ nucleus autonomic innervates glands via ______________________ ganglion innervates glands via ______________________ ganglion sensory 1A) visceral sensory input from terminates in __________________ nucleus 1B) sensory input from taste buds terminates in __________________ nucleus 2) somatic sensory input from region of ear passes into PNS CNS principal sesory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve CN V CN VII nucleus of the trigeminal tract CN IX terminates in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus CN X trigeminal tract normal VIIth Nerve Damage X STN TTN AN geniculate ganglion ptg smg abducens nucleus (AN) pterygopalatine ganglion (ptg) facial nucleus (FN) submandibular ganglion (smg) solitary tract and nucleus (STN) superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) trigeminal tract and nucleus (TTN) Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal components motor 1) branchial location of motor neurons ____________ motor nucleus from figure 12-14 innervates branchial muscles sensory 1) somatic sensory input from divisions V1 V2 V3 pass through PNS CNS terminate in CN V mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve CN VII nucleus of the trigeminal tract CN IX CN X trigeminal tract MTN PTSN mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) principal trigeminal sensory nucleus (PTSN) trigeminal motor nucleus (TMN) TMN trigeminal ganglion visceral sensory branchial motor autonomic motor EW V SSN ISN solitary nucleus VII NA VMN XI figure 12-22 EW = Edinger-Westphal NA = Nucleus SSN = Superior Salivatory Nucleus Ambiguus ISN = Inferior Salivatory Nucleus VMN = Vagal Motor Nucleus figure 12-15 III EW IV midbrain MES VI TMN PTN pons FMN SSN ISN XII STN NA medulla TTN VMN cervical spinal cord XI figure 12-2 SSN = Superior Salivatory Nucleus ISN = Inferior Salivatory Nucleus VMN = Vagal Motor Nucleus TMN = Trigeminal motor nucleus FMN = Facial motor nucleus NA = Nucleus Ambiguus XI = Accessory nucleus EW = Edinger Westphal (III) III = Oculomotor Nucleus IV = Trochlear Nucleus VI = Abducens Nucleus XII = Hypoglossal Nucleus STN = Solitary nucleus TTN = Trigeminal tract nucleus MES = Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus PTN = Principal trigeminal sensory nucleus to thalamus ltrigeminal sensory afferent neurons ... midline large-diamater, well myelinated axons trigeminal nerve root principal sensory nucleus pons small-diamater, lightlymyelinated / non-myelinated axons to thalamus medulla descending trigeminal tract medial lemniscus trigeminal tract nucleus spinal cord Lissauer’s tract substantia gelatinosa dorsal column nuclei anterolateral dorsal system columns sensory info ascending from limbs and trunk somatotopic organization: two different ways #1) anterior to posterior posterior trigeminal tract lateral trigeminal nucleus from figure 12-17 #2) superior to inferior inferior (caudal) part of trigeminal tract nucleus substantia gelatinosa in cervical spinal cord “perioral”
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