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Unit 5 Vocabulary Part #1 Alternative Energy & Fossil Fuels
Homework: Using all of the vocabulary below create a comic strip, short story,
movie script, crossword puzzle, vocabulary trading card set, or vocabulary cube set.
vocabulary must be used correctly and underlined.
process of formation – the method or steps by which a substance is formed
sedimentary rock- layered rock formed when sediment builds up and is cemented
together
deposition–the process where weathered & eroded material is dropped or deposited
compaction – process by which overlying pressure from rocks and soil reduces the volume
of sediments (squeezing)
cementation – the process of binding and hardening of sediments into hard rock (gluing)
fossil - remains or imprint of a plant or animal left in sediments and hardened into rock;
found in sedimentary rock
decay / decomposition - to break down by natural processes
extinction – death of an entire species
fossil fuels - fuels formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals;
examples: coal, oil (petroleum) & natural gas
oil- a fossil fuel that is made into gasoline, jet fuel, and other fuels. oil is made from dead sea
creatures that over time get heated and pressurized from layers of overlying sediment
natural gas- a fossil fuel burned to create heat for homes and cooking. it is formed in the
same way that oil is formed and usually found with oil.
coal- a fossil fuel burned in power plants to create heat and electricity. coal is made from dead
plants that over time get heated and pressurized from layers of overlying sediment
peat - early form of coal that is made from decaying swamp plants that have been heated
and pressurized under many layers of sediment
lignite- intermediate (middle) form of coal; brownish black in color, & visible texture of wood is
often distinct
soil - the upper layer of earth that may be dug or plowed and in which plants grow
silt – soil made of rock and clay with individual particles too small to be seen by human eyes
clay- an earthy material that is sticky and easily molded when wet and hard when baked
sand- soil with grains produced by the natural breaking up of rocks that you can see with your eyes
humus -the part of soil that is made up of parts of dead plants and animals
loam – mixture of sand, silt, and clay
shale- a rock with a fine grain formed from clay, mud, or silt
limestone- a rock that is formed mainly from animal remains (as shells or coral), consisting mainly of calcium
carbonate used in building, and gives lime when burned
sandstone- a rock made of sand held together by a natural cement
bedrock- the solid rock lying under surface materials (as soil) that are not in layers