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What is the Solar System? I Arrangement The Sun – in the middle on the chair, 8 planets around (8 pupils) II Presentation of the Solar System 1. Student 1 - introduction Welcome in the Universe. The address- the galaxy, Milky Way. We are the Solar System. There are our astronomical objects. The Sun in the centre and orbiting planets: Mars, Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. There is the Moon orbiting the Earth. Student 2 presents the history of Universe The theory of Big Explosion Most scientists think, that the universe is the result of Big Explosion, which was billions years ago. Nowadays, it is almost widely accepted theory by cosmologists, which describes the origin of the Universe. The idea of it comes from that the Universe expands, so it had to be very small in the past, and its density was large. The base of this theory is the assumption that about 15 billion years ago every present today matter was concentrated in a single infinitesimal point of infinite high temperature. Some time it started to expand and cool very fast. This rapid expansion today we call the Big Explosion. The scientists think, that million years after the Big Explosion gases joined into clouds. The galaxies were created from these clouds later, the planets were created from the clouds, gases and rocks. The Universe expands that's why the galaxies move away more and more from each other. 2. Student 3 – The Sun The Sun is the central star of the Solar System. 8 planets orbit the Sun, including Earth and other celestial bodies. The Sun is the brightest object on the sky. Its surface temperature measures 5500 oC, and inside 14 milion oC. Its surface area measures 139000 km. The Sun is one of the two hundred billion stars of our Galaxy. 3. Student 4 – Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It’s the smallest planet in the Solar System. For Mercury, the circulation around the Sun takes about 88 days. Mercury’s rotational period lasts 58,7 days. It last approximately 2/3 of the year. The temperature is from 179 to 430 degrees Celsius. Practically it hasn’t got the atmosphere. 4. Student 5 – Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun . After the Sun and the Moon, it's the brightest astronomical object in the sky. Venus is very similar to the Earth. Venus appears first in the sky shorty after sunset. Its surface is covered with volcanic craters and ravines. Venus orbits the Sun in 255 ( two hundred and fifty-five) days. It has got a dense atmosphere mainly consisted of carbon dioxide. It's almost as big planet as the Earth. 5. Student 6 – Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It's the only place in the Universe where life exists. The life appeared one billion years after it formed. There is one natural satellite- the Moon, which orbits the Earth. The human first time left the Earth in 1961. 6. Student 7 – Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. This planet’s name comes from the name of the Roman god of war- Mars. It’s “the Red Planet” because of large amounts of iron oxide on its surface. Mars is internal planet with a thin atmosphere, having ourface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth. The presence of water on this planet and thus the conditions for life are most likely. 7. Student 8 – Jupiter Hello! My name is Jupiter! I was named this way in honour of important God- the Jupiter. I am the fifth planet from the Sun. It is known that I have got at least 66 moons and very weak layout of rings. My broad magnetic field is fourteen as strong as the Earth's. My friends, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and I are members of the group called 'the gas giants'. I am the heaviest and the largest planet of the Solar System. 8. Student 9 – Saturn I'm Saturn. I'm the sixth planet from the Sun. I'm a gas giant. You can see my beautiful aureole by telescope. I've got milky-white colour. My rotation around my axis is about 10 hours. My rotation around the Sun is very long: about 29 years and 167 days. I've got 2 spheres: troposphere and statosphere. I've got the most beautiful system of aureole in the Solar System. 9. Student 10 – Uranus Welcome! I'm Uranus. I was discovered in 1871 by Frederick William Herschel. My hot half's temperature is 213oC, and cold is -270oC. It takes me 84 years to go around the Sun, so I have to toil and wait. My twin brother is Neptune. I have some methane in my atmosphere, which makes me blue-green colour. I've got 27 moons. 10. Student 11 – Neptune Hello! I'm Neptune. I'm blue gaseous planet. My name comes from the Roman god of sea Neptune. My twin brother is Uranus. I'm the eighth planet from the Sun. I have got thirteen moons. In my area the temperature is minus two hundred and ten Celsius degrees. I make a full rotation around m axis within eighteen hours. I'm as heavy as seventeen planets Earth. 11. Student 12 – Moon Hello! I am a natural satellite, the Moon. So far I am the only celestial body on which an astronaut has walked. Due to my low weight I have got much weaker gravity than the Earth, and I don't have the atmosphere. I move around the planet in twenty seven days and it is equal with my axis rotation. During the Soviet and American missions in 1969, the astronaut took a step on me for the first time consist of three types of rocks. Among them is one with the darkest and the most spectacular colour and it is called `the sea rock`. 12. The simulation of planets' circulation. 13. Goodbye words.