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Therapeutic Communication
Lecture 1
Objective #6
• Define communication
Communication is:
• interaction
• between 2+ people
• exchange of information
Communication
• -tion
–Process
• Communica
–Share / give
–To make common
Communication is influenced by:
•
•
•
•
•
Values
Attitudes
Beliefs
Purpose
Context
• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal
Objective #7
• Identify and describe the operational
definition of the communication
process
Communication Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sender
Receiver
Message
Feedback
Message
• Expression of
your thoughts
Sender
• Encoding
• Sends our the
message
Method
Receiver
• Decoding
• Person to whom
the message was
sent
Feedback!
• Response to the
message
Objective #8
• List the two main channels of
communication
Types of Communication
Verbal
• Spoken word
• Written word
Non-verbal
• AKA: body language
8 modes of nonverbal communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Physical appearance
Body movement & Posture
Facial expression
Gestures
Eye contact
Tone & volume or voice
Touch
Silence
Two Main Channels of Communication are
WORDS and BEHAVIORS
• Verbal
– The words we choose (7%)
• Paraverbal
– How we say the words (38%)
• Kinesics
– Body Language (55%)
People Reading
• What people are really saying.
Body Language
• Facial Expressions
• Posture
• Gestures
Considerations
•
•
•
•
•
Context
Sufficient Samples
Culture / Ethnicity
Age and Gender
Faking and Deception
Emotional Facial Expressions
Dr. Paul Ekman
• Anger
– Wrath / Rage
• Contempt
– Disrespect / Intense Dislike
• Disgust
– Aversion / Repugnance
• Fear
– Agitation / Anxiety
• Happiness
– Pleasure / Contentment
• Sadness
– Showing / Causing Sorrow
• Surprise
– Sudden / Unexpected
Posture and Gestures
• Anger
– Lean Forward
– Clenched Fists
• Excited / Happy
– Open, Palms Up
• Intimidating
– Upright, Close
Proximity
• Interest
– Lean Forward
– Hand on Face, Finger
pointing up
• Defensive
– Closed
– Arms Crossed
• Mirroring
– Matched Position
– Matched Elevation
Objective #9
• Explain what is meant by the P.T.—
patient relationship
Empathy versus Sympathy
Empathy
• Acknowledge client’s
emotions
• Show care by listening
and responding
Sympathy
• Carry some of the
patients problems….
Feel sorry for them
Emotional Separateness
Allows the professional to focus on the patient’s
needs and not on our own!!
• Be Self-Aware
• Be Self-Monitoring
• Be Self-Correcting
Objective #10
• Describe why therapeutic
communication is the most
important tool used by the P.T.
Basic Communication Skills
What characteristics do you ascribe to
someone you really like talking to?
Therapeutic Communication
• Is “other focused”
Listening is the key!
Elements of Therapeutic Communication
• Trust
• Empathy
• Respect
Congruence (Genuineness)
• Self Awareness
• Listening
Traits for Successful and Effective Therapeutic
Communication:
• non-judgmental
• good listener
• genuine liking for
people
• open body language
• good eye contact
• clarifies what they
heard
• trustworthy - integrity
•
•
•
•
•
sincere desire to help
values who your are
exhibits patience
attentive
not always quick to
remedy
• appropriate vocabulary
• use humor
• sensitivity and Empathy
Objective #14
• Discriminate between hearing and
listening
How can you become a better
listener?
• Hearing
– Sensing sound
• Listening
– “A process that involves sensing,
interpreting, evaluating and reacting to
spoken messages.”
Definition
• Listening
– “A process that involves sensing,
interpreting, evaluating and reacting
to spoken messages.”
stages of listening
•
•
•
•
Sensation
Interpretation
Evaluation
Reaction
listening challenges
• Distractions
– Internal
– External
listening challenges
•
•
•
•
•
Distractions
Shutting out the message
The rush to judgment
Partial hearing
Disabilities
Become an active listener
•
•
•
•
Set purposes
Ask questions
Pay attention to verbal signpost
Expect the unexpected
Ask questions
• “The most important types of
question you will ask are…
–CLARIFYING QUESTIONS”
Objective #15
• Relate how therapeutic
communication differs from social
communication
Style of Communication
Social
Therapeutic
• Family
• Friends
• Purposeful
• Goal oriented
Therapeutic vs. Social Communication
• Focus on helping patient
• PLANNED and directed
with a purpose by the
professional
• Needs of the patient
outweigh the needs of
the P.T.
• Professionals are
obligated to share
information within Tx
Team
• Relies on pt. disclosure
• Therapeutic
• Both parties seek to have
personal needs met
• Involves equal disclosure
of personal information
and intimacy
• Confidentiality
• Spontaneity
• Social
Objective #16
• Define and describe the importance
of each of the following:
– Readiness skills, Attending skills, Active
listening skills, Reflecting skills: content and
emotion
Objective #17
• Explain the concept of the
therapeutic self.
Psychiatric Technicians Primary Role:
• Therapeutic “Use of Self”
• Attempt to establish healthy relationships with people who
are unable to do so
• Therapeutic interpersonal relationships
• Therapeutic communication