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• C H A P T E R • 18 • • • UREA CYCLE • • • • • • • • • • • UREA CYCLE Function: To provide a route to dispose of the amino groups from amino acids during their metabolism. Location: Liver, kidney Connections: From amino groups of amino acids through glutamate and glutamate dehydrogenase From amino groups of amino acids through aspartate and argininosuccinate synthase From ammonia through carbamoyl phosphate synthetase To urea Regulation: Primarily by availability of amino groups and ammonia Equation: NH4 CO2 Asp 2ATP ¡ NH2C(“O)NH2 fumarate 2ADP 2Pi Glu NAD CO2 Asp 2ATP ¡ NH2C(“O)NH2 -ketoglutarate fumarate 2ADP 2Pi (See Fig. 18-1.) 225 BG McGraw-Hill: Gilbert, Basic Concepts in Biochemistry, JN 5036 • 226 • Basic Concepts in Biochemistry ketoacid amino acid amino groups into glutamate via transamination Glutamate NAD glutamate dehydrogenase NADH 2-ketoglutarate NH4 CO2 2ATP carbamoyl phosphate synthetase O — — O H2N— C — NH2 H2N— C — O — P NH3 carbamoyl phosphate — urea — — — — NH2 — — citrulline arginine NH — — — — — argininosuccinate — — — — — O2 C NH — CO2 fumarate — C — NH — — — — — Figure 18-1 H3N — NH2 C—O — — — C — NH2 NH NH2 omithine CO2 CO 2 ATP CO2 CO 2 aspartate ketoacid amino groups into aspartate via transamination Oxaloacetate The Urea Cycle BG McGraw-Hill: Gilbert, Basic Concepts in Biochemistry, JN 5036 amino acid
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