Download Anatomical Language and Organ Systems Overview (Exercises 1

ANATOMICAL LANGUAGE
BIO 137 Anatomy & Physiology I Lab
Anatomical Position
• Scientists describe the structures
of an Organism Using Universal
Anatomical Language.
• Body standing erect
• Feet flat on floor directed forward
• Head and toes facing forward
• Upper limbs at the sides with
the palms facing forward
Anatomical Terminology
• Body Orientation and Direction
• Superior versus Inferior
• Dorsal versus Ventral
• Posterior versus Anterior
Anatomical Position
• Body Orientation and Direction
• Medial versus Lateral
• Proximal versus Distal (appendicular skeleton only)
• Superficial versus Deep
• Ipsilateral versus contralateral
LATERAL
MEDIAL
LATERAL
SUPERIOR
Midline
Esophagus (food tube)
Trachea (windpipe)
PROXIMAL
Right lung
Rib
Sternum
(breastbone)
Left lung
Humerus
Heart
Diaphragm
Spleen
Stomach
Liver
Radius
Ulna
Gallbladder
Ascending
colon
Carpals
Transverse colon
Small intestine
Descending colon
Urinary bladder
Metacarpals
Phalanges
DISTAL
Anterior view of trunk and
right upper limb
INFERIOR
ORGANIZATION OF
THE HUMAN BODY
Divisions of the Human Body
• Axial Portion • Appendicular
• Head
• Neck
• Trunk
Portion
• Appendages
• Arms
• Legs
Body Cavities
• Cranial Cavity
• Thoracic Cavity
• Spinal Cavity
• Abdominopelvic
Cavity
• Abdominal Cavity
• Pelvic Cavity
Body Cavities
Thoracic Cavity
• Lungs
• Mediastinum
(between lungs)
• Heart
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Thymus
Abdominopelvic Cavity
• Separated from thoracic cavity by
diaphragm
• Abdominal Cavity
• Liver, Gallbladder, Stomach, Pancreas,
Spleen, Small and Large Intestines,
Kidneys, Adrenal Glands, Ureters
• Pelvic Cavity
• Enclosed by pelvic bones
• Internal Reproductive Organs, Bladder,
Anus
Major Body Organs
Cavity
Subdivisions
Organ
Associated structures
Cranial
Cranium
Vertebral canal
Brain
Spinal cord
Thyroid gland
Lungs
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Pleural
Thoracic
Thymus
Esophagus
Trachea
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Mediastinum
Pericardial
Abdomen
Abdominopelvic
Retroperitoneal
Pelvic
Heart
Diaphragm
Stomach
Liver
Small intestine
Large intestine (most)
Kidneys
Urinary bladder
Ovaries (♀)
Uterine tubes (♀)
Uterus (♀)
Testes (♂)
Greater omentum
Ureters
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Membranes
• Serous Membranes
• Line the walls of these body cavities and fold back to cover the
organs
• Secrete serous fluid for lubrication
• Visceral layer of a Membrane – covers an organ
(innermost)
• Parietal layer of a Membrane – lines a cavity or body wall
(outermost)
Serous Membranes
• Thoracic Membranes
• Pleural Membranes: Lungs
• Visceral pleura
• Parietal pleura
• Pericardial Membranes: Heart
• Visceral pericardium
• Parietal pericardium
• Abdominopelvic Membranes
• Peritoneal Membranes
• Visceral peritoneum
• Parietal peritoneum
Thorax, Transverse Section
Body Cavities
• Membranes of the body cavities
Figure 01.12
Abdomen, Transverse Section
Abdominopelvic Quadrants & Regions
 Identification of
quadrants and regions in the
abdominopelvic cavity helps clinicians describe the location
of the many abdominal and pelvic organs.
 There are 4 abdominopelvic
quadrants and 9 regions.
 The dividing lines between these are centered on the
umbilicus (“belly button”).
Abdominopelvic Quadrants & Regions
• Vertical and horizontal lines pass through the umbilicus
• Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
• liver
• Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
• spleen and left kidney
• Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
• appendix
• Left lower quadrants (LLQ)
• left ovary (
)
Abdominopelvic Quadrants & Regions

Dividing the abdomen and pelvis into regions is done using a Tic-Tac-Toe
grid.

There are nine abdominopelvic regions
Abdominopelvic Quadrants & Regions