Download 1. Grammatical Categories Grammatical Category: NUMBER

1. Grammatical Categories
Grammatical Category: NUMBER, PERSON, GENDER/NOUN CLASS,
DEFINITENESS, CASE, TENSE, ASPECT, MOOD, VOICE, TRANSITIVY,
COMPARISON.
Relevant Lexical Category: NOUN, VERB, ADJECTIVE/ADVERB,
PREPOSITION/POSTPOSITION.
Type of Grammatical Category: INHERENT, RELATIONAL, (AGREEMENT)
Grammatical
Category
1 Exclusive
Person
2 Past
Tense
3 Third
Person
4 Passive
Voice
5 Dual
Number
6 Indefinite
Definiteness
7 Perfective
Aspect
8 Superlative
Comparison
9 Nominative Case
10 Neuter
Gender/ Noun class
11 Singular
Number
12 Perfect
Aspect
13 Present
Tense
14 Active
Voice
15 Second
Person
16 Genitive
Case
17 Inclusive
Person
18 Intransitive
Transitivity
19 Progressive Aspect
20 Definite
Definiteness
21 Accusative
Case
22 Feminine
Gender/Noun Class
23 Imperfective Aspect
24 Masculine
Gender
25 Future
Tense
26 Dative
Case
27 First
Person
28 Plural
Number
29 Subjunctive Mood
30 Indicative
Mood
31 Comparative Comparison
32 Trial
Number
Relevant Lexical
Category
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective/Adverb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective/Adverb
Noun
Type of Grammatical
Category
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Relational
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Relational
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Relational
Inherent
Relational
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Relational
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Relational
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
Inherent
2. Finnish
The sentences below in Finnish contain nouns, verbs and a negation particle. There are no
prepositions, postpositions or PPs.
I.
II.
Give a complete lexicon for this data set, classifying each word into its lexical
category and any grammatical subcategory that it belongs to, as well as giving a
meaning gloss. If you don’t know the name for a particular grammatical
subcategory, use a number, e.g. Case-1 vs. Case-2.
Explain how simple sentences are formed in Finnish, according to the data given.
Emphasize similarities to and differences from English.
1. äiti panee lusikan kuppiin
‘The mother puts the spoon into the cup’
2. äiti ottaa kuppin kaapista
‘The mother takes the cup from the cupboard
3. äiti panee maton lattialle
‘The mother puts the carpet onto the floor’
4. äiti ottaa maton lattialta
‘The mother takes the carpet from the floor’
5. äiti ottaa lusikan kuppista
‘The mother takes the spoon from the cup’
6. äiti ottaa lusikan matolta
‘The mother takes the spoon from the carpet’
7. äiti panee maton kaappiin
‘The mother puts the carpet into the cupboard’
8. äiti ei pane lusikkaa kuppiin
‘The mother does not put the spoon into the cup.
9. äiti ei ota kuppia kaapista
‘The mother does not take the cup from the cupboard’
10. äiti ei ota mattoa lattialta
‘The mother does not take the carpet from the floor’
11. äiti ei ota lusikkaa kuppista
The mother does not take the spoon from the cup.
12. äiti ei pane kuppia lattialle
‘The mother does not put the cup onto the floor’
13. äiti ei pane mattoa kaappiin
‘The mother does not put the carpet into the cupboard’
äiti 'mother', N, Case 1
lusikan, 'spoon', N, Case 2
kuppin, 'cup', N, Case 2
maton, 'carpet', N, Case 2
kuppiin, 'cup', N, Case 3
kaapiin, 'cupboard', N, Case 3
kaapista, 'cupboard', N, Case 4
lattialta, 'floor', N, Case 4
kuppista, 'cup', N, Case 4
ei, 'not'
matolta, 'carpet', N, Case 4
lattialle,'floor', N, Case 5
lusikkaa, 'spoon', N, Case 6
kuppia, 'cup', N, Case 6
matooa, 'carpet', N, Case 6
otta, 'take', V, Present
panee, 'put', V, Present
pane, 'put', V, (non-finite)
ota, 'take', V, (non-finite)
The word order in Finnish is SVO
Instead of using prepositions/postpositions, Finnish uses case to indicate location/direction.
3. Forms of the verb. Identify the clauses in the following passage by bracketing them.
Underline the verbs, and label them as to their verb form: Present tense, past tense,
infinitive, present participle, past participle.
[Air Oceanic warned the police 20 days before the July 16, 1976 terrorist bombing of
PAST
Flight 199 [that those extremists planned [to target the airline with suitcase bombs or
PAST INFINITIVE
suicide squads] ] ]. [Shocking Telexes and letters about the threats from 12 years ago were
PRESENT
revealed for the first time Tuesday at the judicial inquiry [looking into the bombing and
PAST PART.
PRESENT PART
subsequent investigation] ]. [ [After receiving the Telexes], the RCMP asked the
PRES. PART
PAST
Australian Security Intelligence Service for a new threat assessment on the airline]. [But
the police neglected [to hand over to ASIS the critical information [provided by Air
PAST
INFINITIVE
Oceanic] ]. [ASIS then issued an assessment [claiming [there was no specific threat
PAST
PRES. PART.
PAST
against Air Oceanic] ] ].