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60 LearnMusicTheory.net High-Yield Music Theory, Vol. 1: Music Theory Fundamentals Section 5.1 TEXTURE Harmonic analysis Texture Texture types Monophonic texture, Unison Polyphonic texture IN MUSIC Harmonic analysis is the analysis of chords in musical context. Understanding texture makes harmonic analysis much easier. Texture is the way harmonies, melodies, rhythms, and timbres (=sound qualities such as different instrument sounds) relate to create the overall effect of a piece of music. The four common texture types are monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic, and heterophonic. Monophonic texture includes only a single melody line. If more than one musician plays the same melody together, this is called playing in unison. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œJ œ œ œ œ œ œ 6 œ œ &8 J J œ œ œ™ Polyphonic texture consists of two or more independent melody lines: œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œJ œ œ œ œ œ œ 6 œ œ &8 J J œ œ œ™ j œ™ œ j œ™ ? 68 œ™ œ ™ œ œ œ™ œ œ œ œ Homophonic texture Homophonic texture consist of a primary melody line with accompaniment. Various accompaniment types are possible, including homorhythmic, blocked-chord, and arpeggiated accompaniments (Alberti bass or broken chord). Homophonic: Homorhythmic accompaniment Homorhythmic accompaniments (also called chorale texture) have the same rhythm as the melody line. Slight variations in rhythm are possible. œ & 44 œ ? 44 œœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œœ Chapter 5: Introduction to Harmonic Analysis Homophonic: Blocked chord accompaniment Blocked chord accompaniments state the notes of each chord simultaneously using a repeated rhythmic pattern. One variation of blocked chord homophonic texture is the oompah accompaniment. ˙ ˙ 4 &4 ? 44 œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœœœ Homophonic: Albert bass accompaniment 61 ˙ ˙ 4 &4 ? 44 Œ˙ œœ Œ̇ œœ "Oompah" variation: "Oom" "pah" An arpeggio states the notes of a chord one after another; arpeggiated accompaniments state the notes of the harmony one at a time. One common type of arpeggiated accompaniment, Alberti bass, uses a lowhigh-mid-high pattern (common in music of the late 1700s): œ œ œ ˙ œ ˙ & 44 ? 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ low high mid high low high mid high low high mid high low high mid high Homophonic: Broken chord accompaniment A second type of arpeggiated accompaniment, broken chord style, uses a low-to-high and/or high-to-low order for the notes: Heterophonic texture Heterophonic textures consist of multiple performers playing or singing a single melody all at once, each adding their own subtle variations. This texture is common in some musics of India and Africa as well as some types of jazz. & 44 œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ ? 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
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