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Download CHAPTER 11: What causes emotional and motivated behavior?
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Hot News! • CB1 receptors for endocannabinoids present in brain, including hypothalamus • CB1 antagonists block this receptor and reduce the perception of hunger • Interesting: CB1/endocannabinoid system also activated by stress http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi CHAPTER 11: What causes emotional and motivated behavior? The Brain Needs Stimulation … Fig.11-1 Pg.391 1 Take a Peek … Drives and Behavior Motivation & Emotion Fig.11-2 Pg.392 Drives and Behavior Drive: a hypothetical state of arousal that motivates an organism to engage in a particular behavior. The Flush Model of Motivation Fig.11-3 Pg.393 2 Example: Fatigue of Owl’s Attacking Behavior Evolutionary Influences on Behavior Innate releasing mechanism: Detects specific sensory stimuli and directs the organism to take a particular action Fig.11-4 Pg.395 Internal template -> prewired program Eibl-Eibesfeldt’s Studies Fig.11-5 Pg.396 3 Environmental Influences on Behavior Behaviorism according to Skinner … - Is all our behavior based on reinforcement? Yuck - lithium chloride!!! • Reinforcement: event that functions as reward (“Operant Conditioning”) Types of Motivated Behavior -Regulatory behaviors • Learned taste aversion -Nonregulatory behaviors 4 MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR BRAIN AREAS INVOLVED IN MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR • Medial forebrain bundle • Hypothalamus • Limbic system • Frontal lobes Fig.11-13 Pg.404 The Funnel Model of the Control of Motivated Behaviors Inputs from frontal lobes and limbic system are funneled through hypothalamus Fig.11-20 Pg.411 The Effects of Lesions to the Ventro-medial Hypothalamus • ‘eating off’ (VMH) • ‘eating on’ (LH) Pg.425 5 Example: Thyroid Hormone Location and Organization of Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus -> TSH-releasing hormone -> anterior pituitary -> thyroid-stimulating hormone -> thyroid gland Fig.11-16 Pg.407 Hormone-controlling Feedback Loops • Feedback • Regulation by other structures • Experience Fig.11-20 Pg.411 The Emotional Brain -Papez circuit -Frontal lobe 6 The Frontal Lobe “Mick Jagger told me that the lines on his face were laughter lines, but nothing is that funny.” Fig.11-21 Pg.412 British jazz singer George Melly Prefrontal cortex selects appropriate movements in a given situation - selection is based on memory, emotion, environmental cues The Story of Phineas Gage Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Prefrontal Cortex Fig.11-22 Pg.413 7
