Download Brain and Cranial Nerves

Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
Brain and Cranial Nerves
1.
General Characteristics of the Brain
•
A.
B.
Encephalon
Cranial Meninges
i.
Pia Mater
ii.
Arachnoid
iii.
Dura Mater
Cerebrospinal Fluid
i.
Choroid Plexus
ii.
Lateral Ventricles
iii.
Third Ventricle
iv.
Cerebral Aqueduct
v.
Fourth Ventricles
vi.
Apertures
vii.
Arachnoid Villi
viii. General Circulation
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Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
2.
Brainstem
A.
i.
Corpora Quadrigemina
ii.
a.
Superior Colliculi
b.
Inferior Colliculi
Cerebral Peduncles
iii.
Cerebral Aqueduct
B.
Pons
C.
Medulla Oblongata
D.
2.
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
i.
Respiratory Rhythmicity Center
ii.
Cardioregulatory Center
iii.
Vasomotor Center
iv.
Crossing of Fiber Tracts
Reticular Formation
Cerebellum
A.
Location
i.
B.
Peduncles
Anatomy
i.
Cerebellar Hemispheres
ii.
Gyri
iii.
Sulci
iv.
a.
Anatomical Functional Relationship
Arbor Vitae
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Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
C.
a.
Gray Matter
b.
White Matter
•
•
Short Tracts
Long Tracts
*
Cerebellar Peduncles
•
Naming of Tracts
*
Pontocerebellar Track
*
Spinocerebellar Track
*
Reticulocerebellar Track
*
Vestibulocerebellar Track
Functions
i.
Synergic Control of Skeletal muscles
ii.
Maintain Posture
iii.
Maintain Equilibrium
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Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
4.
Diencephalon
A.
Thalamus
i.
Functions
•
B.
Hypothalamus
i.
5.
Limbic System and Amygdala (note part of cerebrum)
Functions
Cerebrum
A.
Anatomical Landmarks
i.
Longitudinal Fissure
a.
ii.
Left and Right Cerebral hemispheres
Central Sulcus
a.
Frontal Lobe
b.
Precentral Gyrus
c
Parietal Lobe
d.
Postcentral Gyrus
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Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
iii.
Lateral fissure
a.
iv.
Temporal Lobe
Parieto-Occipital Fissure
a.
Occipital Lobe
B.
Cerebral Cortex
C.
Basal Ganglia
i.
D.
Amygdala
White Matter
i.
Association Tracks
a.
b.
c.
Parietal Lobe
•
Primary Somatosensory Area (on Post-central gyrus)
•
Somatosensory Association Area
Occipital Lobe
•
Primary Visual Area
•
Visual Association Area
Parietal Lobe
•
Primary Auditory Area
•
Auditory Association Area
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Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
ii.
Commissural Tracks
a.
iii
Corpus Callosum
Projection Tracks
a.
Ascending (Sensory) Tracts
•
b.
Descending (Motor) Tracts
•
E.
Ie. Spinothalamic Tract
Ie. Corticospinal Tracts
Functions
i.
Sensory Functions
a.
Primary Somatosensory Area
•
ii.
Postcentral Gyrus
Motor Functions
a.
Precentral Gyrus
b.
Premotor Area
iii.
Integrative Functions
iv.
Consciousness
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Anatomy & Physiology I Student Outlines – Brain and Cranial Nerves
v.
Memory
a.
Engrams
•
C.
Reverberating Circuit
b.
Temporary Memory
c.
Long Term Memory
Hemisphere Differences
i.
Left
ii.
Right
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